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MSK > Yearclub 2023 Revision > Flashcards

Yearclub 2023 Revision Flashcards

1
Q

spinal stenosis - more sore uphill or downhill?

A

down

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2
Q

spinal stenosis management

A

laminectomy

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3
Q

causes of cauda equina syndrome

A

prolapsed disc - either L4/L5 or L5/S1. prolapse from tumours, trauma, infections (abscess, discitis)

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4
Q

bicep reflex spinal level

A

C5-6

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5
Q

posterior hip dislocation management

A

ABCDE, reduction within 4hrs of onset, neurovascular exam before and after.
long-term physio.

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6
Q

management for intracapsular displaced hip fracture in a healthy person

A

total hip replacement

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7
Q

risk factors for avascular necrosis

A

long term steroid use
chemo
alcohol

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8
Q

trochanteric pain and tenderness, pain especially on abduction

A

trochanteric bursitis

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9
Q

undisplaced acetabular fracture management

A

conservative

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10
Q

femoral shaft fracture mechanism of action

A

high energy fracture (crushed, huge RTA)

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11
Q

femoral shaft fracture concerns to think about

A

huge blood loss
potential fat embolism

—> ARDS

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12
Q

tibial shaft fracture management

A

IM nailing
slowest healing bone in body - about 4 months

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13
Q

compartment syndrome 5 Ps

A

Pain (out of proportion and on passive movements)
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Pallor
Pulseless

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14
Q

compartment syndrome management

A

emergency fasciotomy

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15
Q

meniscal tear mechanism of injury

A

often a twisting injury

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16
Q

meniscal tear presentation

A

locking/giving way
very tender over joint line
pain/swelling = medial
no pain/swelling = lateral

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17
Q

‘bucket handle tear’ knee young person management

A

surgery

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18
Q

ACL mechanism of injury

A

twisting injury (football/rugby) - will hear a pop

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19
Q

ACL injury presentation

A

pain
haemoarthritis (red swollen joint with restricted movement)

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20
Q

investigative tests for ACL injury

A

anterior drawer
lachmans

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21
Q

PCL injury mechanism of injury

A

RTA with feet on the dash

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22
Q

PCL injury investigation test

A

posterior drawer test

23
Q

MCL injury mechanism of injury

A

twisting and impact - skiing!

24
Q

MCL injury management

A

conservative, heals well

25
what injuries are LCL injuries often accompanied by
ACL or PCL peroneal nerve injury
26
patella dislocation mechanism of injury
direct blow to medial side of knee
27
patella dislocation management
strengthen quads reconstruction surgery if huge injury
28
extensor mechanism rupture management
knee immobilisation, surgical repair
29
IT band syndrome mechanism of injury
repetitive running
30
bunion fancy name
hallux valgus
31
what is mortons neuroma
a thickening of one of the plantar digital nerves in your foot
32
mortons neuroma examination finding
click
33
most common ligament involved in ankle sprain
Anterior TaloFibular Ligament (ATFL)
34
what is Weber classification used for
ankle fractures
35
weber classification - what order do A, B, C go in
A - lowest B - in line with synd.. C - high up, unstable
36
do weber C fractures need surgery
yes usually
37
do growing pains cause limp
nope
38
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) - what's happening
shallow acetabulum - increased risk of dislocation
39
baby check tests for DDH
Barlow and Ortolani Selective USS screening in scotland 6-8 weeks GP check
40
DDH risk factors
Female Breech FHx Oligohydramnios Moulded baby First baby >4kg Multiple pregnancy
41
early diagnosis DDH management
PALVIK harness up to 12 weeks
42
what does SUFE stand for
slipped upper femoral epiphysis
43
what is SUFE
displacement of the femoral head at growth plate caused by weakness in hypertrophic zone of physis
44
SUFE investigations
hip xray, multiple views if required
45
typical SUFE patient
overweight adolescent boy
46
icecream slipped off the cone?
SUFE
47
Perthes disease typical age
4-8 year olds
48
what is perthes disease
idiopathic AVN of proximal femoral epiphysis - results in bone loss and collapse
49
is perthes disease more common in males or females
males
50
perthes disease treatment
- containment - rest, analgesia, surveillance - femoral or pelvic osteotomies in some cases
51
transient synovitis diagnosis
diagnosis of exclusion - rule out other hip conditions such as septic arthritis (krochers criteria) US +/- aspiration
52
transient synovitis management
rest and analgesia
53
what is septic arthritis of the hip
intra-articular infection of the hip joint

MSK (9 decks)

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