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MSK > Yearclub 2023 Revision > Flashcards

Yearclub 2023 Revision Flashcards

1
Q

spinal stenosis - more sore uphill or downhill?

A

down

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2
Q

spinal stenosis management

A

laminectomy

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3
Q

causes of cauda equina syndrome

A

prolapsed disc - either L4/L5 or L5/S1. prolapse from tumours, trauma, infections (abscess, discitis)

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4
Q

bicep reflex spinal level

A

C5-6

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5
Q

posterior hip dislocation management

A

ABCDE, reduction within 4hrs of onset, neurovascular exam before and after.
long-term physio.

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6
Q

management for intracapsular displaced hip fracture in a healthy person

A

total hip replacement

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7
Q

risk factors for avascular necrosis

A

long term steroid use
chemo
alcohol

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8
Q

trochanteric pain and tenderness, pain especially on abduction

A

trochanteric bursitis

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9
Q

undisplaced acetabular fracture management

A

conservative

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10
Q

femoral shaft fracture mechanism of action

A

high energy fracture (crushed, huge RTA)

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11
Q

femoral shaft fracture concerns to think about

A

huge blood loss
potential fat embolism

—> ARDS

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12
Q

tibial shaft fracture management

A

IM nailing
slowest healing bone in body - about 4 months

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13
Q

compartment syndrome 5 Ps

A

Pain (out of proportion and on passive movements)
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Pallor
Pulseless

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14
Q

compartment syndrome management

A

emergency fasciotomy

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15
Q

meniscal tear mechanism of injury

A

often a twisting injury

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16
Q

meniscal tear presentation

A

locking/giving way
very tender over joint line
pain/swelling = medial
no pain/swelling = lateral

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17
Q

‘bucket handle tear’ knee young person management

A

surgery

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18
Q

ACL mechanism of injury

A

twisting injury (football/rugby) - will hear a pop

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19
Q

ACL injury presentation

A

pain
haemoarthritis (red swollen joint with restricted movement)

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20
Q

investigative tests for ACL injury

A

anterior drawer
lachmans

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21
Q

PCL injury mechanism of injury

A

RTA with feet on the dash

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22
Q

PCL injury investigation test

A

posterior drawer test

23
Q

MCL injury mechanism of injury

A

twisting and impact - skiing!

24
Q

MCL injury management

A

conservative, heals well

25
Q

what injuries are LCL injuries often accompanied by

A

ACL or PCL
peroneal nerve injury

26
Q

patella dislocation mechanism of injury

A

direct blow to medial side of knee

27
Q

patella dislocation management

A

strengthen quads
reconstruction surgery if huge injury

28
Q

extensor mechanism rupture management

A

knee immobilisation, surgical repair

29
Q

IT band syndrome mechanism of injury

A

repetitive running

30
Q

bunion fancy name

A

hallux valgus

31
Q

what is mortons neuroma

A

a thickening of one of the plantar digital nerves in your foot

32
Q

mortons neuroma examination finding

A

click

33
Q

most common ligament involved in ankle sprain

A

Anterior TaloFibular Ligament (ATFL)

34
Q

what is Weber classification used for

A

ankle fractures

35
Q

weber classification - what order do A, B, C go in

A

A - lowest
B - in line with synd..
C - high up, unstable

36
Q

do weber C fractures need surgery

A

yes usually

37
Q

do growing pains cause limp

A

nope

38
Q

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) - what’s happening

A

shallow acetabulum - increased risk of dislocation

39
Q

baby check tests for DDH

A

Barlow and Ortolani
Selective USS screening in scotland
6-8 weeks GP check

40
Q

DDH risk factors

A

Female
Breech
FHx
Oligohydramnios
Moulded baby
First baby
>4kg
Multiple pregnancy

41
Q

early diagnosis DDH management

A

PALVIK harness up to 12 weeks

42
Q

what does SUFE stand for

A

slipped upper femoral epiphysis

43
Q

what is SUFE

A

displacement of the femoral head at growth plate caused by weakness in hypertrophic zone of physis

44
Q

SUFE investigations

A

hip xray, multiple views if required

45
Q

typical SUFE patient

A

overweight adolescent boy

46
Q

icecream slipped off the cone?

A

SUFE

47
Q

Perthes disease typical age

A

4-8 year olds

48
Q

what is perthes disease

A

idiopathic AVN of proximal femoral epiphysis - results in bone loss and collapse

49
Q

is perthes disease more common in males or females

A

males

50
Q

perthes disease treatment

A
  • containment
  • rest, analgesia, surveillance
  • femoral or pelvic osteotomies in some cases
51
Q

transient synovitis diagnosis

A

diagnosis of exclusion
- rule out other hip conditions such as septic arthritis (krochers criteria)

US +/- aspiration

52
Q

transient synovitis management

A

rest and analgesia

53
Q

what is septic arthritis of the hip

A

intra-articular infection of the hip joint

MSK (9 decks)

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