YEAR 9 – Topic 4 & 5– Ionic, Covalent & Metallic Bonding

Question 1

How are ions formed?

Answer 1

When a metal and non-metal react and the metal atom loses electrons to form a positive ion and the non-metal gains electrons to form a negative ion.

Question 2

What is the charge of the elements in…

Group 1 – The Alkali Metals?

Answer 2

+

Question 3

What is the charge of the elements in…

Group 2 – The Alkaline Earth Metals?

Answer 3

2+

Question 4

What is the charge of the elements in…

Group 3?

Answer 4

3+

Question 5

What is the charge of the elements in…

Group 4?

Answer 5

No Charge!!!

Question 6

What is the charge of the elements in…

Group 5?

Answer 6

3-

Question 7

What is the charge of the elements in…

Group 6?

Answer 7

2-

Question 8

What is the charge of the elements in…

Group 7 – The Halogens?

Answer 8

-

Question 9

What is the charge of silver (Ag)?

Answer 9

+

Question 10

What is the charge of copper (Cu)?

Answer 10

2+

Question 11

What is the charge of iron (Fe)?

Answer 11

2+ or 3+

Question 12

What is the charge of lead (Pb)?

Answer 12

2+

Question 13

What is the charge of zinc (Zn)?

Answer 13

2+

Question 14

What is the charge of hydrogen (H)?

Answer 14

+

Question 15

What is the charge and formula of hydroxide?

Answer 15

OH (-)

Question 16

What is the charge and formula of ammonium?

Answer 16

NH4 (+)

Question 17

What is the charge and formula of carbonate?

Answer 17

CO3 (2-)

Question 18

What is the charge and formula of nitrate?

Answer 18

NO3 (-)

Question 19

What is the charge and formula of sulphate?

Answer 19

SO4 (2-)

Question 20

What is the bond which occurs between metals and non metals?

Answer 20

Ionic

Question 21

Explain ionic bonding…

The definition

Answer 21

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 22

How is an ionic bond formed?
What are the rules?
(5 points)

Answer 22

– The electron(s) on the outer shell can be gained or lost.
– Metals loose electrons to non metals.
– Non metals gain electrons from metals.
– it takes less energy to loose/gain fewer electrons
– The elements become charged ions (+,2+,3+,-, 2-, 3-)

Question 23

What is the (ionic) formulae for…
Aluminium chloride?
Al = Group 3
Cl = Group 7

Answer 23

Al – charge of 3+
Cl – charge of -
So...
Al Cl
.         3

Question 24

What is the (ionic) formulae for…
Iron (III) sulfide?
S = Group 6

Answer 24

Fe – charge of 3+
S – charge of 2-
So...
Fe   S
.    2   3

Question 25

What is the (ionic) formulae for…
Magnesium hydroxide?
Mg = Group 2

Answer 25

Mg – charge of 2+
OH – charge of -
So...
Mg (OH)
.                 2

Question 26

What is the (ionic) formulae for…
Potassium carbonate?
K = Group 1

Answer 26

K – charge of +
CO3 – charge of 2-
So...
K    CO
.   2       3

Question 27

What is the (ionic) formulae for…

Iron (III) sulfate?

Answer 27

Fe – charge of 3+
SO4 – charge of 2-
So...
Fe     (SO   )
.     2 (      4) 
.                     3

Question 28

What is the (ionic) formulae for…
Magnesium nitrate?
Mg = Group 2

Answer 28

Mg – charge of 2+
NO3 – charge of -
So...
Mg (NO   )
.       (      3)
.                   2

Question 29

What key things do you need to remember when drawing dot and cross diagrams for ionic bonding?
(7 points)

Answer 29

– Only outer shells need to be drawn
– Show electron moving across
– No overlapping of the electrons 
When done...
– Put square brackets around them 
– Show their charge (+, 2+, 3+, -, 2-, 3-)
– Put the little vertices lines between the two or more elements to sho the movement of electrons. 
– LIP GIN!!!

Question 30

What is the bond which occurs between non metals?

Answer 30

Covalent

Question 31

Explain covalent bonding…

The definition

Answer 31

When the non metals are bonded, they share a pair(s) of electrons. This is because there is an electrostatic attraction between the shared pair electrons and the nuclei.

Question 32

What key things do you need to remember when drawing dot and cross diagrams for covalent bonding?
(3 points)

Answer 32

– Atoms overlapping
– Show all orbitals unless stated otherwise
– Put the element symbol inside the shells

Question 33

How is an covalent bond formed?
What are the rules?
(4 points)

Answer 33

– The elements join together and share electrons because of the electrostatic attraction.
– The shared electrons are attracted to the ions.
– One pair of electrons (2 electrons) shared = 1 bond.
– A maximum of 4 bonds can be formed between 2 elements but overall you can have many more bonds.

Question 34

What is the bond which occurs between metallic elements and alloys?

Answer 34

Metallic

Question 35

Explain metallic bonding…

The definition

Answer 35

When they are bonded, the electrons become delocalised and move around the structure of ions. They have an electrostatic attraction between the delocalised electrons and the metal ions.

Question 36

What key things do you need to remember when drawing diagrams for metallic bonding?
(4 points)

Answer 36

– Big ions close together
– Small electrons surrounding the ions
– Ions shown as positive
– Electrons shown as negative

Question 37

How is an metallic bond formed?
What are the rules?
(4 points)

Answer 37

– The ions join together.
– Their electrons get “ripped” off and become delocalised.
– The electrons move about freely between the lattice (structure) of ions.
– The electrons are attracted to the ions like we are to the earth.

Question 38

How do you represent a metallic lattice in a 2D diagram?

4 points

Answer 38

– Big ions close together 
– Small electrons surrounding the ions
– Ions shown as positive 
– Electrons shown as negative 
(Positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons)