Year 9 Term Test Flashcards
Are plant cells unicellular or multicellular?
Plants are multicellular organisms
What enables plants to carry out photosynthesis?
Plant cells contain chloroplasts
What is a plants cell wall made from?
Cellulose
What substance is stored by plants?
Plants store carbohydrates such as starch or sucrose
Are animal’s multicellular or unicellular organisms?
Animals are multicellular organisms
Name a feature which an animal cell does NOT contain
Animal cells have no cell walls
Which cell stores carbohydrates as glycogen?
Animal cells
What is organised into a mycelium made from thread-like structures called hyphae?
Fungi
what do hyphae contain many of?
Hyphae contain many nuclei
Are fungi single called or multicellular organisms?
Fungi can be single celled or very complex multicellular organisms.
Do fungi have cell walls? If so, what are they made of?
Yes, cell walls in fungi are made of chitin
What is saprotrophic nutrition?
Saprotrophic nutrition is when fungi feed by extra cellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material and absorption of the organic products. E.g Saprotrophic nutrition is the mode of nutrition in which organisms take in nutrients in solution form from dead & decaying matter.
What do fungi and animals have in common?
They both store carbohydrates as glycogen.
Give an example of fungi
An example is mucor: which has the typical fungal hyphal structure, and yeast which is single celled.
Are protoctists multicellular or unicellular?
Protoctists are microscopic single-celled organisms
Do protoctists have similar features?
No, some like amoeba, that live in pond water have features like an animal cell, whilst others like chlorella, have chloroplasts and are more like plants.
Give an example of a pathogen and what it causes
An example is plasmodium, responsible for causing malaria
Are bacteria single celled or multicellular organisms?
Bacteria are microscopic single-celled organisms
Name 5 features of bacteria
They have a: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, circular chromosome of dna, plasmids
Name a feature which bacteria do not contain
Nucleus
Do bacteria carry out photosynthesis?
Some bacteria can carry out photosynthesis, but most feed off other living organisms dead organisms.
Give an example of bacteria
Examples include Lactobacillus bulgaricus, a rod shaped bacterium used in the production of yoghurt from milk
What four things may be a pathogen?
Fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses
What is the smallest cell?
Viruses
Where can viruses reproduce?
They can only reproduce inside living cells and infect every type of living organism.
What makes up a virus particle?
They can be large or small, they have no cellular structure but have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA.
Give an example of a virus
Examples include the tobacco mosaic virus which causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
Why would a substance like starch not be able to diffuse out of a cell?
Because starch is too big to diffuse, but glucose can break the starch down.
Why does active transport occur?
Active transport is important because it allows substances to move against the concentration gradient. This helps it maintain the appropriate balance of substances in the cell.
Why does active transport require energy?
Because unlike diffusion which moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of energy, active transport requires energy to move substances against the concentration gradient.
How do you get the Sa:Vol ratio?
Divide the surface area by the volume.
Name a difference between a eukaryote and a prokaryote
Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cell’s genetic material, while prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and have free-floating genetic material instead.
