Year 9 Human Nutrition

Question 1

Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 1

Scurvy, swollen. Gums bleeding gums joint pain and loss of breath

Question 2

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 2

Rickets, pain and tenderness in bones stunted growth cramp bone fractures teeth and skeletal deformities

Question 3

Order of digestion

Answer 3

Mouth oesophagi a stomach small intestine (duodenum and ileum) large intestine (colon rectum anus)

Question 4

Function of the mouth

Answer 4

Location of ingestion, start of digestion through mechanical digestion (chewing)

Question 5

Function of these salivery glands

Answer 5

Secretes salivery amalyse into the saliva causing Stacy to break down into maltose also forms the bolus

Question 6

Function of the oesophagus

Answer 6

Antagonistic longitudinal and circular muscles work in the walls of the oesophagus to force the bolus down the throat by peristalsis

Question 7

Function of the stomach

Answer 7

Lined with gastric glands which secrete HCl and pepsin and goblet cells
HCl and go let cells kill bacteria by engulfing them or denature get their enzymes also provides optimum ph for pepsin action
Mechanical digestion due to churning
After two hours the chyme is squirted into the duodenum

Question 8

Function of the liver

Answer 8

Breaks down haemoglobin into bile

Question 9

Bile duct

Answer 9

Bile is secreted into the duct where it meets bile salts produces in the gall bladder

Question 10

Function of bile

Answer 10

Neutralises the chyme creating a suitable environment for enzymes

Emulsified lipids increasing their surface area for the action of lipase

Question 11

Pancreas function

Answer 11

Produces pancreatic juice into the duodenum which contains amylase pancreatic lipase and trypsin

Pancreas also secretes insulin and glucagon for maintenance of blood sugar levels

Question 12

Function of the Ileum

Answer 12

Site of absorption lumen of the ileum is folded to increase surface area with villi and microvilli epithelial cells are a single cell thick to shorten the distances of diffusion

Question 13

Dental decay

Answer 13

Bacterial and food on the teeth respire sugars in the food

This produces acid which disolves the enamel and dentine

Question 14

Lacteal

Answer 14

Blind ended vessel, absorbs…..