Year 10 Flashcards
Function of the phloem
Transport sugars and amino acids from the leaves (sources) to their parts of the plant (sinks)
Pathway of water
Root hair cell
Root cortex cells
Xylem
Mesophyll cells
Transpiration
Loss of water vapour from plant leaves by evaporation of water at the surfaces of the mesophyll cells followed by diffusion of water through the stomata
Arteries vs veins
Blood pumped away from the heart in arteries
Blood pumped to the heart in veins
Arterioles
Take blood to capillary beds
Large amount of muscle fibres in the tunica media for Vaso constriction
Venules
Drain blood from capillary beds
Shunt vessels
connect arteries directly with veins bypassing capillary beds
Vessels to and from the kidney
Renal artery
Renal vein
Blood clotting
Damage to vessel wall activates platlets
Which release clotting factors
Fibrinogen is turned to fibrin forming a mesh
Platlets and blood cells caught forming clot
Process of vaccination
Harmless pathogen with correct antigens administered
Antigens trigger immune respond by lymphocytes which produce antibodies
Memory cells are produced which provide long term active immunity
Passive immunity
Short term defence against a pathogen by antibodies acquired from another individual. No memory cells are produced
Features of gas exchange surfaces
Large surface area
Thin surface
Good blood supply
Good ventilation with air
Function of cartilage in the tracheae
Prevent the trachea being crushed
Control of breathing
Co2 concentration increases detected by the medulla the medulla then stimulates motor neurones which control the intercostals
Furthermore smooth muscles in the bronchioles detect increased co2concentrations and dilate
Aerobic respiration
Glucose+oxygen–> carbon dioxide +water
