Year 8 History EOY Flashcards
1626-29
Charles argues with the government over Religious and Financial issues.
1633
Charles appoints William Laud as the Archbishop of Canterbury.
1634
Charles increases the tax known as ‘ship money’ to raise money without talking to parliament first. Lots of MP’s are very angry because of this.
1637
William Prynne, Henry Burton and John Bastwick are beaten in public for criticising William Laud’s new rules.
1637-39
Charles tries to introduce an english style prayer book into Scotland. This provokes war.
1640
Charles has to call back Parliament to pay for the war, but then hit with 11 years of complaints.
1641
Parliament passes the Triennial Act, forcing Charles to call back Parliament more often.
1642
Charles arrests 5 Mp’s who he thinks is plotting against him. It provokes the Civil War that same year.
What were the Royalists’ nickname?
The Cavaliers
Who was on the Royalists side?
Nobles and rich men usually in the north
Who was on the Parliamentarians side?
Places like London, and other cities mostly with rivers.
Because each side was indistinguishable, what colour sashes did each side wear?
Royalists = Red sashes
Parliamentarians = Yellow sashes
What was a pikeman’s job in battle?
To stand at the front and mainly stop horses from entering the army. They would stick one stick im the ground and another at the horse.
What was a musketman’s job in battle?
They would stand at the back and fire musketballs even though they were very heavy, innacurate, dangerous and hard to reload. Many fingers were blown of by muskets.
When did the English Civil War start?
22 August 1642
How was the new model army better than the old one?
The army was much more disciplined, organized and skilled than the older one.
When was the battle of Maston Moor?
1644
When was the battle of Naseby?
1645
When did the Civil War end and Charles flee to Scotland?
5th of May 1645
What did Scotland do with Charles?
They sold him back to Parliament for £400,000
When was Charles 1 executed?
30 January 1649
Where was King Charles kept prisoner?
Carisbrook Castle in the Isle of Wight.
Why was Charles most likely given an unfair trial?
Because out of 286 MP’s, 240 thought he should be given another chance. On the day, those 240 people were denied access from entering by Cromwell’s troops.
Who was Charles arguing with in Parliament?
John Bradshaw
What kind of charges did they find Charles guilty of?
They said that he started the war, so is responsible for all the murders, burnings, rapings, treasons, damage and desolation caused during this time.
How was Oliver Cromwell seen as a great man?
He cut out corruption and bribery, made England safer by installing a full-time army, improved and modernized England by giving Parliament control and making a fairer voting system and he also gave lots of people free speech, which wouldn’t have happened under Charles’ rule.
What year did Irish rebels kill thousands of English and Scottishmen living in Ireland?
1641
Why didn’t Cromwell act immediately when the Irish rebelled
They were fighting Charles 1.
How was Cromwell brutal at the battle of Drogheda?
He left no Irishman alive
How many people were living in Britain in 1750?
7 million
How many people were living in Britain in 1900?
40 million
3 ways a population can increase:
Increase birth rate
Decrease mortality rate
Immigrants coming into the country
When was the vaccination invented?
1796
How did a population increase from 1750 to 1900?
There was more healthy food, Younger marriages, vaccinations and improved education
How did lots of cities become very dirty and horrible places to live?
When factories were built, people flooded in from the countryside to work. Factory owners made cheap housing very close together, within walking distance. This housing was very poor and inhospitable.
What were the Parliamentarians nickname?
The Roundheads
Name some English cities that were made with factories in the middle and extremely bad places to live.
Sheffield, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Birmingham, Nottingham and Bolton.
How many people were usually found in one room in 1800?
5 or more
How were cities in Victorian England unhygienic?
There were no rubbish collections, litter bins, street cleaners or fresh running water.
What were the dangeroues diseases killing people in Britain in Victorian times called?
Typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis and typhus.
Why did the government not help the poor during the cholera outbreaks?
They believed in ‘Laissez faire’
When was the first Public health act passed?
1848
What did the first public health act state?
It gave towns to chance the set up a Board of Health, which have the powers to make sure new houses have toilets and drains, charge tax to pay for local improvements, and appoint medical officers to ‘Inspect nuicanses’.
What place did John Snow investigate?
Soho, London
Who made the sewers?
Joseph Bazalgette.
How long were the sewers?
83 miles long.
What was the 1866 Sanitary Act?
Towns must install a proper water supply and sewer drainage system.
What was the 1875 Artisans’ and Labourers’ Dwellings Improvement Act?
Councils have the power to tear down poor houses and rebuild better ones
What was the 1875 Public Health Act?
Pavements must be lit, paved and cleaned from litter. Sewers also must be cleaned.
