Year 5 passmed Flashcards

1
Q

mx of threadworm

A

CKS recommend a combination of anthelmintic with hygiene measures for all members of the household
mebendazole is used first-line for children > 6 months old. A single dose is given unless infestation persists

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2
Q

threadworm - what extra sx can girls get

A

vulval itching

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3
Q

infantile colic is what adn characterised by

A

less than 3 months old and is characterised by bouts of excessive crying and pulling-up of the legs, often worse in the evening.

resolve 6 months of age

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4
Q

scarlet fever caused by

A

group a strep - usually pyogenes

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5
Q

main complications of scarlet fever

A

otitis media: the most common complication
rheumatic fever: typically occurs 20 days after infection
acute glomerulonephritis: typically occurs 10 days after infection
invasive complications (e.g. bacteraemia, meningitis, necrotizing fasciitis) are rare but may present acutely with life-threatening illness

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6
Q

most serious health conditions with peoles with turners

A

Aortic dilatation and dissection

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7
Q

why do you need to dry the baby first in resus

A

Babies are born small and wet. They get cold very easily, especially if they remain wet and in a draught.

Birth: Dry the baby, remove any wet towels and cover and start the clock or note the time.
Within 30 seconds: Assess tone, breathing and heart rate.
Within 60 seconds: If gasping or not breathing - open the airway and give 5 inflation breaths
Re-assess: If no increase in heart rate look for chest movement
If chest not moving: Recheck head position, consider 2-person airway control and other airway manoeuvres, repeat inflation breaths and look for a response.
If no increase in heart rate look for chest movement
When the chest is moving: If heart rate is not detectable or slow (< 60 min-1) - start chest compressions with 3 compressions to each breath.
Reassess heart rate every 30 seconds. If heart rate is not detectable or slow (<60 beats per minute) consider venous access and drugs

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8
Q

constipation in kids first line and what do you do if this does not work after 2 weeks

A

polyethylene glycol 3350 + electrolytes (Movicol Paediatric Plain)

add stimulant laxative such as senna
substitute a stimulant laxative singly or in combination with an osmotic laxative such as lactulose if Movicol Paediatric Plain is not tolerated

Infants who have or are being weaned
offer extra water, diluted fruit juice and fruits
if not effective consider adding lactulose

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9
Q

for a constipated infant who is not yet weaned what else can you do to help - both bottle fed and breast fed

A

Infants not yet weaned (usually < 6 months)
bottle-fed infants: give extra water in between feeds. Try gentle abdominal massage and bicycling the infant’s legs
breast-fed infants: constipation is unusual and organic causes should be considered

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10
Q

SUFE what key sign

A

Reduced internal rotation of the leg in flexion

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11
Q

osgood schalltter disease
what is it
main sx
how does it resolve

A

It is an inflammation of the area just below the knee where the tendon from the kneecap (patellar tendon) attaches to the shinbone (tibia). The symptoms usually include pain and swelling over the tibial tubercle, which can be exacerbated by physical activity
stop growing resolve

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12
Q

when do you not give steriods in meningitis

A

, do not use corticosteroids in children younger than 3 months with suspected or confirmed bacterial meningitis [NICE 2010] as there is insufficient evidence to prove the benefits of corticosteroids in younger children. Dexamethasone should also be avoided in those with congenital or acquired abnormalities of the central nervous system; or those with aseptic, nonbacterial, or gram-negative enteric meningitis*

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13
Q

abx given in meningitis

A

< 3 months: IV amoxicillin (or ampicillin) + IV cefotaxime
> 3 months: IV cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone)

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14
Q

when do you give dexamethasone in meningitis

A

frankly purulent CSF
CSF white blood cell count greater than 1000/microlitre
raised CSF white blood cell count with protein concentration greater than 1 g/litre
bacteria on Gram stain

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15
Q

all children with asthma attack should be given

A

oral steriods

and bronchodilator therapy

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16
Q

dose to weight ratio of dexamethasone for croup

A

oral dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg)

17
Q

Parainfluenza virus is the most common cause of croup, also known as

A

laryngotracheobronchitis,

18
Q

6-1 vaccine when

A

3 and 4 months

19
Q

4 in 1 booster when with MMR

A

3-4 years of age

20
Q

3 in 1 whne

A

13-18 yer old

21
Q

Evidence of bowel sounds in a respiratory exam of a neonate in respiratory distress

what it cause

A

congential diaphragmatic hernia

pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension due to failure of pleuroperitoneal canal closure

22
Q

What is the first sign of puberty in girls?

A

breast development

23
Q

first sign of puberty in men

A

first sign is testicular growth at around 12 years of ag

24
Q

gynaecomastia may develop in boys
asymmetrical breast growth may occur in girls
diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland may be seen

are these normal chnages in puberty

A

yes

25
Q

breast fed baby with gord what should they have a trial of

A

Prescribe a 1-2 week trial of an alginate (e.g. Gaviscon)

26
Q

Infant < 8 weeks, presents with milky vomits after feeds, often after being laid flat, excessive crying →

A

GORD

keep head at 30 degrees when feeding

27
Q

what is antalgic gait

A

like if you have a limp
whereby the stance phase is shortened relative to the swing phase

28
Q

signs of respiratory distress (7)

A

Grunting
Nasal flaring
Use of accessory respiratory muscles
Tachypnoea
retractions
wheeze
tracheal tug

29
Q

most common cause of primary headache in children.

A

migraine

30
Q

ibuprofen is used to treat migraine over paracetamol when can you give triptan

A

over 18

31
Q

the other common headache in children is tension headaches how many do you need to have to be dx

A

10 previous headache

32
Q

describe the roseola infantum rash

A

Roseola infantum typically starts with a high grade fever which resolves before the onset of the rash. The rash typically starts abruptly after the temperature subsides, and usually starts on the trunk before spreading to the limbs. It is a maculopapular rash and it not itchy.