Vaccines

Question 1

aims of vaccination

Answer 1

prevention of infection
control of disease
interrupt rasmsison - herd immunity
cane rprevention
disease eradication
health care savings
prevention of antibiotic resistance
empowerment of women n

Question 2

herd immunity
reduce reduction ratio

Answer 2

1- percentage of people vaccinated awaiting the R0 vale ( how many people one [erson will or can infect)

e.g. 95% vaccination of people
(1-0.95)x18 ( this is R0 value of measles) = 0.9

Question 3

why do we vaccinate children

Answer 3

they are smaller
children explore envrionemtn through their mouth - behaviour - take risks
socialisation - school with other infectious children
integument - thinner epidermis skin - open wounds
development - heavily reliant

Question 4

how does adaptive immunity split

Answer 4

natural - passive(maternal) or active ( infection)
artificial - passive ( antibody transfer) or active ( immunisation)

Question 5

what are the pre-birth vaccines

Answer 5

whooping cough , diphtheria , tetanus and polio

also offer seasonal infleucnxe

through mother Igg via blood

Question 6

what vaccine uses T cell macrophage response

Answer 6

BCG

Question 7

what vaccine causes mucosal response

Answer 7

oral vaccines such as rotavirus

Question 8

T cell dependent antibodies are most injectable vaccines

T cell independent antibodies are from what

Answer 8

pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

Question 9

most vaccines are inactivated however what vaccines re given live

Answer 9

BCG
measles, mumps and rubella
rotavirus
yellow fever
VZV
don’t give to immunosuppressed

Question 10

bacterial vaccines one offer

Answer 10

diphtheria
tetanus
meningococcus

Question 11

viral vaccines on offer

Answer 11

polio
mesals
mumps
rubella

Question 12

inactive viruses

Answer 12

polio
injleuznxa
rabies

Question 13

kills whole cell bacteria

Answer 13

pertussis
typhoid

Question 14

toxoid

Answer 14

diphtheria
tetanus
subunit - hep B

Question 15

conjugate vaccines - fused on to polysaccharide

Answer 15

haemophilia b
pnemoccocal
meningoccosu group c

Question 16

passive immunisation - transfer of antibodies to an unprotected infdivdual if exposure already caccurded what disease

Answer 16

RSV
VZV
measles
tetanus
rabies

Question 17

side effects of mumps

Answer 17

meningitis

Question 18

contraindications to vaccines

Answer 18

proven allergy
fever at the of vaccination about 38degrees
unstable neurological condition
immune deficiency or suppression - for live vaccines only

Question 19

comonno substances in vaccines

Answer 19

aluminium -stimualte better response - dementia- promote earlier more potent response e
antibiotics - prevent growth of bacteria
egg protein - yellow fever and most influenza - not in them mr
formaldehyde - used to inactivate bacterial products for toxoid vaccines. kill unwanted virisuse and bacteria during production
thimerosal - mecuruy to pressure vaccine and prevent contamination

Question 20

A healthy boy is born by vaginal delivery at 40 weeks gestation. His mother had confirmed acute hepatitis B during this pregnancy.

Which preventative intervention should be given immediately to the baby?

Answer 20

Full course of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin