Vaccines Flashcards
aims of vaccination
prevention of infection
control of disease
interrupt rasmsison - herd immunity
cane rprevention
disease eradication
health care savings
prevention of antibiotic resistance
empowerment of women n
herd immunity
reduce reduction ratio
1- percentage of people vaccinated awaiting the R0 vale ( how many people one [erson will or can infect)
e.g. 95% vaccination of people
(1-0.95)x18 ( this is R0 value of measles) = 0.9
why do we vaccinate children
they are smaller
children explore envrionemtn through their mouth - behaviour - take risks
socialisation - school with other infectious children
integument - thinner epidermis skin - open wounds
development - heavily reliant
how does adaptive immunity split
natural - passive(maternal) or active ( infection)
artificial - passive ( antibody transfer) or active ( immunisation)
what are the pre-birth vaccines
whooping cough , diphtheria , tetanus and polio
also offer seasonal infleucnxe
through mother Igg via blood
what vaccine uses T cell macrophage response
BCG
what vaccine causes mucosal response
oral vaccines such as rotavirus
T cell dependent antibodies are most injectable vaccines
T cell independent antibodies are from what
pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
most vaccines are inactivated however what vaccines re given live
BCG
measles, mumps and rubella
rotavirus
yellow fever
VZV
don’t give to immunosuppressed
bacterial vaccines one offer
diphtheria
tetanus
meningococcus
viral vaccines on offer
polio
mesals
mumps
rubella
inactive viruses
polio
injleuznxa
rabies
kills whole cell bacteria
pertussis
typhoid
toxoid
diphtheria
tetanus
subunit - hep B
conjugate vaccines - fused on to polysaccharide
haemophilia b
pnemoccocal
meningoccosu group c
passive immunisation - transfer of antibodies to an unprotected infdivdual if exposure already caccurded what disease
RSV
VZV
measles
tetanus
rabies
side effects of mumps
meningitis
contraindications to vaccines
proven allergy
fever at the of vaccination about 38degrees
unstable neurological condition
immune deficiency or suppression - for live vaccines only
comonno substances in vaccines
aluminium -stimualte better response - dementia- promote earlier more potent response e
antibiotics - prevent growth of bacteria
egg protein - yellow fever and most influenza - not in them mr
formaldehyde - used to inactivate bacterial products for toxoid vaccines. kill unwanted virisuse and bacteria during production
thimerosal - mecuruy to pressure vaccine and prevent contamination
A healthy boy is born by vaginal delivery at 40 weeks gestation. His mother had confirmed acute hepatitis B during this pregnancy.
Which preventative intervention should be given immediately to the baby?
Full course of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin
