Year 2 Drug List Flashcards
Alendronate
Bisphosphonate, inhibits osteoclasts, reduces bone resorption, improves bone mass
Atenolol
Beta blocker, blocks B- adrenoreceptors, B1= reduces speed and force of heart contraction, reduces blood pressure by reducing renin secretion from kidney
Atracurium
Given by IV, provides skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or ventilation
Bendroflumethiazide
thiazide diuretic, inhibits Na/Cl cotransporter in DCL, reducing blood pressure
Cefuroxime
Cephalosporin antibiotic, can cross BBB
Celecoxib
COX-2 selective NSAID for pain and inflammation
Chloramphenicol
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Ciclosporin
Immunosuppresant which decreases lymphocyte function
Ciprofloxacin
Quinolones, kill bacteria by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Aerobic gram -ve therefore GI and UG Infections
Co-amoxiclav
Broad spectrum penicilin, Beta lactam: weakens cell wall. Used for pneumonia and UTIs
Diamorphine
strong opioid, activates opioid mu receptors and reduce pain and sympathetic activation, used for acute severe pain
Dalteparin
Low weight heparin, inhibits factor Xa (and thrombin), therefore inhibiting coagulation
Dobutamine
B1 adrenergic agonist, increases cardiac output, used to treat heart failure
Doxazosin
alpha 1 blocker, causes vasodilation and reduced resistance to bladder outflow (used in treatment of prostatic hyperplasia)
Ephedrine
adrenergic agonist, used to prevent hypotension during spinal analgesia
Erythromycin
Macrolide, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis (mainly g +ve)
Ethinylestradiol
Oestrogen and Progesterone, therefore suppresses LH/FSH release and therefore ovulation
Furosemide
loop diuretic, treat oedema by inhibiting NaKCC and dilates capacitance veins reducing preload in heart failure
Ipratropium
Antimuscarinic bronchodilator, competitive ACh inhibitor. Reduce smooth muscle tone and secretions, relieving breathlessness
Loperamide
Antimotility, agonist of mu receptors in GI tract, slows bowel transit and increases anal spincter tone, treating diarrhoea
Metformin
Increases increases sensitivity to insulin, used in Type 2 diabetes treatment. It doesn’t cause insulin release but lowers blood glucose and stops weight loss.
Methotrexate
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and therefore cellular replication, used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Has antinflammatory and immunosuppressive affects.
Oxybutinin
Antimuscarinic (m3) treats overactive bladder
Paracetamol
weak COX-2 inhibitor, increasing pain threshold and reducing prostaglandin levels in the thermoregulatory hypothalamus and therefore treating fever
Ramipril
ACE inhibitor, reduces PVR and therefore BP, dilates efferent arteriole reducing intraglomerular pressure and CKD. Less aldosterone so less sodium and water retention, reducing preload helpful in heart failure.
Rifampicin
Antibiotic which prevents RNA production and is used against mycobacteria
Rivaroxiban
Anticoagulant, direct factor Xa inhibitor
Salmeterol
Long acting beta 2 agonist causing smooth muscle relaxation and stimulate Na/K-ATPases. Used to treat SOB
Sildenafil
Phosphodiesterase (type 5) inhibitors, PDE 5 primarily in corpus cavernosum and lung. Increases cGMP. So can treat erectile dysfunction and primary pulmonary hypertension
Suxamethonium
Blocks ACh at skeletal muscle, used in analgesia specifically tracheal intubation
Tamsulosin
alpha 1 blocker, causes vasodilation and reduced resistance to bladder outflow (used in treatment of prostatic hyperplasia)
Tramadol
moderate opioid used for mild to moderate pain, converted in liver to an active mu agonist. Uniquely, also acts on serotonergic and adrenergic pathways, adding to analgesic effect.
