Year 2 Drug List

Question 1

Alendronate

Answer 1

Bisphosphonate, inhibits osteoclasts, reduces bone resorption, improves bone mass

Question 2

Atenolol

Answer 2

Beta blocker, blocks B- adrenoreceptors, B1= reduces speed and force of heart contraction, reduces blood pressure by reducing renin secretion from kidney

Question 3

Atracurium

Answer 3

Given by IV, provides skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or ventilation

Question 4

Bendroflumethiazide

Answer 4

thiazide diuretic, inhibits Na/Cl cotransporter in DCL, reducing blood pressure

Question 5

Cefuroxime

Answer 5

Cephalosporin antibiotic, can cross BBB

Question 6

Celecoxib

Answer 6

COX-2 selective NSAID for pain and inflammation

Question 7

Chloramphenicol

Answer 7

Broad spectrum antibiotic

Question 8

Ciclosporin

Answer 8

Immunosuppresant which decreases lymphocyte function

Question 9

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 9

Quinolones, kill bacteria by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Aerobic gram -ve therefore GI and UG Infections

Question 10

Co-amoxiclav

Answer 10

Broad spectrum penicilin, Beta lactam: weakens cell wall. Used for pneumonia and UTIs

Question 11

Diamorphine

Answer 11

strong opioid, activates opioid mu receptors and reduce pain and sympathetic activation, used for acute severe pain

Question 12

Dalteparin

Answer 12

Low weight heparin, inhibits factor Xa (and thrombin), therefore inhibiting coagulation

Question 13

Dobutamine

Answer 13

B1 adrenergic agonist, increases cardiac output, used to treat heart failure

Question 14

Doxazosin

Answer 14

alpha 1 blocker, causes vasodilation and reduced resistance to bladder outflow (used in treatment of prostatic hyperplasia)

Question 15

Ephedrine

Answer 15

adrenergic agonist, used to prevent hypotension during spinal analgesia

Question 16

Erythromycin

Answer 16

Macrolide, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis (mainly g +ve)

Question 17

Ethinylestradiol

Answer 17

Oestrogen and Progesterone, therefore suppresses LH/FSH release and therefore ovulation

Question 18

Furosemide

Answer 18

loop diuretic, treat oedema by inhibiting NaKCC and dilates capacitance veins reducing preload in heart failure

Question 19

Ipratropium

Answer 19

Antimuscarinic bronchodilator, competitive ACh inhibitor. Reduce smooth muscle tone and secretions, relieving breathlessness

Question 20

Loperamide

Answer 20

Antimotility, agonist of mu receptors in GI tract, slows bowel transit and increases anal spincter tone, treating diarrhoea

Question 21

Metformin

Answer 21

Increases increases sensitivity to insulin, used in Type 2 diabetes treatment. It doesn’t cause insulin release but lowers blood glucose and stops weight loss.

Question 22

Methotrexate

Answer 22

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and therefore cellular replication, used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Has antinflammatory and immunosuppressive affects.

Question 23

Oxybutinin

Answer 23

Antimuscarinic (m3) treats overactive bladder

Question 24

Paracetamol

Answer 24

weak COX-2 inhibitor, increasing pain threshold and reducing prostaglandin levels in the thermoregulatory hypothalamus and therefore treating fever

Question 25

Ramipril

Answer 25

ACE inhibitor, reduces PVR and therefore BP, dilates efferent arteriole reducing intraglomerular pressure and CKD. Less aldosterone so less sodium and water retention, reducing preload helpful in heart failure.

Question 26

Rifampicin

Answer 26

Antibiotic which prevents RNA production and is used against mycobacteria

Question 27

Rivaroxiban

Answer 27

Anticoagulant, direct factor Xa inhibitor

Question 28

Salmeterol

Answer 28

Long acting beta 2 agonist causing smooth muscle relaxation and stimulate Na/K-ATPases. Used to treat SOB

Question 29

Sildenafil

Answer 29

Phosphodiesterase (type 5) inhibitors, PDE 5 primarily in corpus cavernosum and lung. Increases cGMP. So can treat erectile dysfunction and primary pulmonary hypertension

Question 30

Suxamethonium

Answer 30

Blocks ACh at skeletal muscle, used in analgesia specifically tracheal intubation

Question 31

Tamsulosin

Answer 31

alpha 1 blocker, causes vasodilation and reduced resistance to bladder outflow (used in treatment of prostatic hyperplasia)

Question 32

Tramadol

Answer 32

moderate opioid used for mild to moderate pain, converted in liver to an active mu agonist. Uniquely, also acts on serotonergic and adrenergic pathways, adding to analgesic effect.