Acronyms Flashcards
What is the acronym for the major criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure
PAINS
What does the acronym for the major criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure stand for
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, Acute pulmonary oedema, Increased heart size + central venous pressure, Neck vein dilation, S3 gallop
What is the acronym for the minor criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure
PAIN
What does the acronym for the minor criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure stand for
Pleural effusion, Ankle oedema, Increased heart rate, Nocturnal cough
What is the acronym for the treatment for heart failure
ABCDDS
What does the acronym for the treatment of heart failure stand fro
Ace-i, Bisoprolol, Candesartan, Digoxin, Diuretics, Spironolactone
What is the acronym for the signs on CXR for heart failure
ABCDE
What does the acronym for the signs on CXR for heart failure stand for
Alveolar oedema, kerly B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated upper lobe vessels, pleural Effusion
What is the acronym for the signs of MI
RIP
What does the acronym for the signs of MI stand for
Raised jugular venous pressure, Increased pulse ,blood pressure changes, Pallor, anxiety
What is the acronym for the complications of MI
C PEAR DROP
What does the acronym for the complications of MI stand for
Cardiac arrythmia, cardiogenic shock. Pericarditis, Embolic, Aneurysm, Rupture of ventricle, Dresslers syndrome (autoimmune pericarditis), Rupture of free wall, O, Papillary muscle rupture
What is the acronym for the immediate management of MI
mona-b
What does the acronym for the immediate management of MI stand for
Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin+ Antiemetic, Beta blocker
What is the acronym for investigations of MI
ECG
What does the acronym for investigation of MI stand for
ECG, CT scan (coronary calcium score measured), coronary angiography, Go for thallium scan
Duke criteria major criteria
2 seperate positive blood cultures, endocardial involvement
What is the acronym fo the minor criteria in Dukes
FIVE
What does the acronym for the minor criteria in Dukes stand for
Fever, IV drug user, Immunological phenomeno (oslers nodes or roths spots), Vacular phenomena (janeaway lesions), Echocardiograph findings
How many dukes criteria are needed
2 major OR 1 major 3 minor OR 5 minor
What is the acronym for signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis
FROM JANE
What does the acronym for signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis stand for
Fever, Rothers spots, Oslers nodes, Murmur which is new, Janeaway lesions, Anaemia, Nails (splinter haemorrhages), Emboli
What is the the acronym for the treatment of pneumonia
BAPP
What does the acronym for the treatment of pneumonia stand for
Breathing (maintain O2 levels), Antibiotics, Pain (give anaesthesia), Pneumococcal vaccines for those at risk
What is the acronym for the treatment for bronchiectasis
ABCDS
What does the acronym for the treatment of bronchiectasis stand for
Antibiotics, Bronchodilators, Corticosteroids, postural Drainage, Surgery
What is the acronym for the treatment of acute asthma
O SHIT
What does the acronym for the treatment of acute asthma stand for
Oxygen, Salbutamol, Hydrocortisone, Ipratropium, Theophylline
What is the acronym for the causes of COPD
GASES
What does the acronym for the causes of COPD stand for
Genetics (alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency), Air pollution, Smoking, Exposure through occupation, Secondhand smoke exposure
What is the acronym for the consequences of COPD
CLIPPeR
What does the acronym for the consequences of COPD stand for
Cor pulmonale, Lung cancer, Infections, Pneumothorax, Polycythaemia, e, Respiratory failure
What is the acronym for the treatment of COPD
ABCS oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation
What does the acronym for the treatment of COPD stand for
Anticholinergics (ipratropium), Bronchodilators (Salmeterol), Corticosteroids, Smoking cessation
What is the acronym for the symptoms of respiratory failure
ABCD
What does the acronym for the symptoms of respiratory failure stand for
Agitation, Breathlessness, Confusion, Drowsiness and fatigue
Signs of type one respiratory failure
Central cyanosis
What is the acronym for the signs of type two respiratory failure
ABC
What does the acronym for the signs of type two respiratory failure stand for
A flapping tremor, Bounding pulse, Cyanosis
Acronym for DVT differential diagnosis
ABC
What does the acronym for the differential diagnosis of DVT stand for
A musculoskeletal injury, Bakers cyst rupture, Cellulitis
What is the acronym for causes of GI malabsorption
These definitely cause absorption problems
What does the acronym for causes of GI malabsorption stand for
Tropical sprue, Disaccharide deficiency, Coeliac and crohns, A-beta-lipoproteinaemia, Pancreatic insufficiency
What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis
PAN
What does the acronym for the signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis stand for
epigastric Pain, Anorexia, Nausea (grey turners and cullens)
What is the acronym for the causes of acute pancreatitis
I GET SMASHED
What does the acronym for the causes of acute pancreatitis stand for
Idiopathic Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion venom Endoscopic reterograde cholangiopancreatography Drugs
Acronym for the complications of acute pancreatitis
HDAMN
What does the acronym for the complications of acute pancreatitis stand for
Haemorrhage Disseminated intravascular coagulation Acute respiratory distress syndrome Multiorgan failure Necrosis
What is the acronym for the causes of chronic pancreatitis
CAMP
What does the acronym for the causes of chronic pancreatitis stand for
Cystic Fibrosis
Alcohol
Malnourishment
Pancreatic duct obstruction
What is the acronym for the complications of chronic pancreatitis
Pseudocysts, Obstruction, Diabetes mellitus, Steatorrhoea
What is the acronym for the risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma
Cyclophasmide
Aniline dyes
Phenacetin
Smoking
What is the acronym for the classification of AKI
RIFLE
What does the acronym for the classification of AKI stand for
Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End stage renal damage
What is the acronym for the signs of nephritic syndrome
PHARAOH
What does the acronym for the signs of nephritic syndrome stand for
Proteinuria Haematuria Azotaemia Red blood cell casts Antistreptolyin O titres Oliguria Hypertension
What is the acronym for the signs of nephrotic syndrome
PHHO
What does the acronym for the signs of nephrotic syndrome stand for
Proteinuria, Hypoalbuminaemia, Hyperlipidaemia, Oedema
Complications of ADPKD acronym
LAMB
What does the acronym for ADPKD stand for
Liver cysts
Aneurysms
Mitral valve prolapse
Berry aneurysm rupture leading to SAH
Acronym for cystic disease
CAAR
What does the acronym for cystic disease stand for
Cystic renal dysplasia, Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, cystic disease of the Renal medulla
What is the acronym for congenital kidney abnormalitis
HERD
What does the acronym for congenital kidney abnormalities stand for
Horseshoe kidney
Ectopic kidney
Renal agenesis
Duplex ureters
Addison’s
Tired toned tanned tearful
Acronym for the cranial causes of diabetes insipidus
CIVIT
What does the acronym for the cranial causes of diabetes insipidus stand for
Congenital defect in ADH Idiopathic Vascular Infection: meningoencephalitis Tumour (pituitary adenoma), Tuberculosis and Trauma
Acronym for the nephrogenic causes of diabetes insipidus
DIMC
What does the acronym for the nephrogenic causes of diabetes insipidus stand for
Drugs e.g Lithium
Inherited
Metabolic, low K high Ca
Chronic renal disease
ACTH independent causes of Cushings syndrome acronym
CARS
What does the acronym for the ACTH independent causes of Cushings syndrome stand for
Cancer: adrenal adenoma
Adrenal nodular hyperplasia
Rare causes: McCune-Albright syndrome
Steroids
What is the acronym for the function of cortisol
AAA
What does the acronym for the function of cortisol stand for
mAke glucose in the liver
Antistress pathway
Antiinflammatory pathway
Acronym for conditions addisons is associated with
3PGH
What does the acronym for the conditions addisons is associated with stand for
Pernicous anaemia Primary ovarian failure Polyglandular syndrome Graves disease Hashimoto's thyroiditis
What is the acronym for the causes of Addisons disease
MAILS
What does the acronym for the causes of Addisons disease stand for
Metastases from breast, lung, renal Autoimmune Infections (TB, oppurtunistic in HIV like CMV) Lymphomas Surgery, postadrenalectomy
What is the acronym for the causes of macrocytic anaemia
FAT RBC
What does the acronym for the causes of macrocytic anaemia
Folate deficiency
Alcohol
Thyroid (hypo)
Reticulocytosis
B12 deficiency/ pernicous anaemia
Cytotoxic drugs
ALL associations acronym
DIP
What does the acronym for the associations of ALL stand for
Downs syndrome
Ionising radiation
Pregnancy
Acronym for the drugs in TB
RIPE
What does the acronym for the drugs in TB stand for
Rifampicin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
What is the acronym for the genes in HIV replication
PEG
What does the acronym for the genes in HIV replication stand for
Pol (reverse transcriptase and integrase)
Env (envelope proteins)
Gag (viral structural proteins)
Bacterial virulence factors acronym
SET
What does the acronym for bacterial virulence factors stand for
Surface proteins for adhesion
Enzymes
Toxins
Acronym for the three complement pathways
CAL
What does the acronym for three complement pathways stand for
Classical
Alternative
Lectin
What is the acronym for the complement pathway functions
COCA
What does the acronym for the functions of the complement pathways stand for
Chemotaxis
Opsonisation
Cell lysis
Antigen bearing agents are clumped together
What is the acronym for the criteria of diagnosing SLE
> 4/11 of I AM PORN HSD
What does the acronym for the criteria of diagnosing SLE stand for
Immunological disorder
ANA positive
Malar rash
Photosensitivity
Oral ulcers
Renal disorder
Nonerosive arthritis, neurological disorder
Haematological disorder
Serositis
Discoid rash
What is the acronym for the acute signs of a stroke
FAST
What does the acronym for the acute signs of a stroke stand for
Face, unilateral drooping
Arms, weak and numb
Speech, slurring of speech
Time, medical emergency
What is the score for assessing the 7 day risk of stroke following TIA
ABCD2
What does the score for assessing the 7 day risk of stroke stand for
Age >60 BP >140/90 Clinical features (unilateral weakness=2, isolated slurred speech=1) Duration (>1hr=2, 10-59=1) Diabetes
What is the acronym for the histology findings in alzheimers
BAT
What does the acronym for the histology findings in alzheimers stand fir
Beta amyloid plaques
Acetylcholine reduced
neurofibrillary Tangles
What is the acronym for a frontal lobe seizure
JAM
What does the acronym for a frontal lobe seizure stand for
Jacksonian march
pAlsy (todd’s)
Motor features
What is the acronym for a temporal lobe seizure
ADD FAT
What does the acronym for a temporal lobe seizure stand for
Aura that it will occur
Deja vu
Delusional behaviour
Fear/ panic (hippocampal involvement)
Automatisms
Taste/ smell (uncal involvement)
What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of Parkinsons
Facial TRAPS
What does the acronym for the signs and symptoms of parkinsons stand for
Face expressionless Tremor (pill-rolling) Rigidity (cog-wheel) Akinesia Posture (stooped) Shuffling gait
What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of MS
DOTS
What does the acronym for the signs of symptoms of MS stand for
Diplopia, dysaethesia
Optic neuritis
Trigeminal neuralgia, trunk and lib ataxia
⬇️ sense of vibration
also Uhthoff’s phenomenon (symptoms worse in heat)
What is the acronym for the radiological findings in RA stand for
Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral cysts
Subarticular sclerosis
What is the acronym for spondyloarthropathies
PEAR
What does the acronym for spondyloarthropathies stand for
Psoriatic arthritis
Enteropathic arthropathies
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis
What is the acronym for the causes of gout
Horrific DELAY
What does the acronym for the causes of gout stand for
Hyperuricaemia, hereditary Diuretics (thiazides) Ethanol Leukaemia renAl impairment associated with lesch-nYhan syndrom
What is the acronym for the causes of osteomalacia
REVOLT
What does the acronym for the causes of osteomalacia stand for
REsistance to vitamin D Vitamin D deficiency Osteodystrophy Liver disease Tumour induced osteomalacia
What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia
FUN BOO
What does the acronym for the signs and symptoms of BPH stand for
Frequency
Urgency
Nocturia
BOO (bladder outflow obstruction)
- hesitancy
- intermittent flow
- incomplete bladder emptying
Signs and symptoms of Ehlers Danlos
Hyperextension, Bruise easily, Osteoarthritis
Characteristics of glaucoma
Peripheral visual field lost
⬆️IOP
Alterations to the optic nerve cup