Acronyms Flashcards by Alec W Sabey

What is the acronym for the major criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure

PAINS

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What does the acronym for the major criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure stand for

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, Acute pulmonary oedema, Increased heart size + central venous pressure, Neck vein dilation, S3 gallop

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What is the acronym for the minor criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure

PAIN

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What does the acronym for the minor criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure stand for

Pleural effusion, Ankle oedema, Increased heart rate, Nocturnal cough

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What is the acronym for the treatment for heart failure

ABCDDS

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What does the acronym for the treatment of heart failure stand fro

Ace-i, Bisoprolol, Candesartan, Digoxin, Diuretics, Spironolactone

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What is the acronym for the signs on CXR for heart failure

ABCDE

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What does the acronym for the signs on CXR for heart failure stand for

Alveolar oedema, kerly B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated upper lobe vessels, pleural Effusion

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What is the acronym for the signs of MI

RIP

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What does the acronym for the signs of MI stand for

Raised jugular venous pressure, Increased pulse ,blood pressure changes, Pallor, anxiety

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What is the acronym for the complications of MI

C PEAR DROP

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What does the acronym for the complications of MI stand for

Cardiac arrythmia, cardiogenic shock. Pericarditis, Embolic, Aneurysm, Rupture of ventricle, Dresslers syndrome (autoimmune pericarditis), Rupture of free wall, O, Papillary muscle rupture

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What is the acronym for the immediate management of MI

mona-b

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What does the acronym for the immediate management of MI stand for

Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin+ Antiemetic, Beta blocker

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What is the acronym for investigations of MI

ECG

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What does the acronym for investigation of MI stand for

ECG, CT scan (coronary calcium score measured), coronary angiography, Go for thallium scan

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Duke criteria major criteria

2 seperate positive blood cultures, endocardial involvement

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What is the acronym fo the minor criteria in Dukes

FIVE

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What does the acronym for the minor criteria in Dukes stand for

Fever, IV drug user, Immunological phenomeno (oslers nodes or roths spots), Vacular phenomena (janeaway lesions), Echocardiograph findings

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How many dukes criteria are needed

2 major OR 1 major 3 minor OR 5 minor

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What is the acronym for signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis

FROM JANE

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What does the acronym for signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis stand for

Fever, Rothers spots, Oslers nodes, Murmur which is new, Janeaway lesions, Anaemia, Nails (splinter haemorrhages), Emboli

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What is the the acronym for the treatment of pneumonia

BAPP

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What does the acronym for the treatment of pneumonia stand for

Breathing (maintain O2 levels), Antibiotics, Pain (give anaesthesia), Pneumococcal vaccines for those at risk

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What is the acronym for the treatment for bronchiectasis

ABCDS

What does the acronym for the treatment of bronchiectasis stand for

Antibiotics, Bronchodilators, Corticosteroids, postural Drainage, Surgery

What is the acronym for the treatment of acute asthma

O SHIT

What does the acronym for the treatment of acute asthma stand for

Oxygen, Salbutamol, Hydrocortisone, Ipratropium, Theophylline

What is the acronym for the causes of COPD

GASES

What does the acronym for the causes of COPD stand for

Genetics (alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency), Air pollution, Smoking, Exposure through occupation, Secondhand smoke exposure

What is the acronym for the consequences of COPD

CLIPPeR

What does the acronym for the consequences of COPD stand for

Cor pulmonale, Lung cancer, Infections, Pneumothorax, Polycythaemia, e, Respiratory failure

What is the acronym for the treatment of COPD

ABCS oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation

What does the acronym for the treatment of COPD stand for

Anticholinergics (ipratropium), Bronchodilators (Salmeterol), Corticosteroids, Smoking cessation

What is the acronym for the symptoms of respiratory failure

ABCD

What does the acronym for the symptoms of respiratory failure stand for

Agitation, Breathlessness, Confusion, Drowsiness and fatigue

Signs of type one respiratory failure

Central cyanosis

What is the acronym for the signs of type two respiratory failure

ABC

What does the acronym for the signs of type two respiratory failure stand for

A flapping tremor, Bounding pulse, Cyanosis

Acronym for DVT differential diagnosis

ABC

What does the acronym for the differential diagnosis of DVT stand for

A musculoskeletal injury, Bakers cyst rupture, Cellulitis

What is the acronym for causes of GI malabsorption

These definitely cause absorption problems

What does the acronym for causes of GI malabsorption stand for

Tropical sprue, Disaccharide deficiency, Coeliac and crohns, A-beta-lipoproteinaemia, Pancreatic insufficiency

What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis

PAN

What does the acronym for the signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis stand for

epigastric Pain, Anorexia, Nausea (grey turners and cullens)

What is the acronym for the causes of acute pancreatitis

I GET SMASHED

What does the acronym for the causes of acute pancreatitis stand for

``` Idiopathic Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion venom Endoscopic reterograde cholangiopancreatography Drugs ```

Acronym for the complications of acute pancreatitis

HDAMN

What does the acronym for the complications of acute pancreatitis stand for

``` Haemorrhage Disseminated intravascular coagulation Acute respiratory distress syndrome Multiorgan failure Necrosis ```

What is the acronym for the causes of chronic pancreatitis

CAMP

What does the acronym for the causes of chronic pancreatitis stand for

Cystic Fibrosis Alcohol Malnourishment Pancreatic duct obstruction

What is the acronym for the complications of chronic pancreatitis

Pseudocysts, Obstruction, Diabetes mellitus, Steatorrhoea

What is the acronym for the risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma

Cyclophasmide Aniline dyes Phenacetin Smoking

What is the acronym for the classification of AKI

RIFLE

What does the acronym for the classification of AKI stand for

Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End stage renal damage

What is the acronym for the signs of nephritic syndrome

PHARAOH

What does the acronym for the signs of nephritic syndrome stand for

``` Proteinuria Haematuria Azotaemia Red blood cell casts Antistreptolyin O titres Oliguria Hypertension ```

What is the acronym for the signs of nephrotic syndrome

PHHO

What does the acronym for the signs of nephrotic syndrome stand for

Proteinuria, Hypoalbuminaemia, Hyperlipidaemia, Oedema

Complications of ADPKD acronym

LAMB

What does the acronym for ADPKD stand for

Liver cysts Aneurysms Mitral valve prolapse Berry aneurysm rupture leading to SAH

Acronym for cystic disease

CAAR

What does the acronym for cystic disease stand for

Cystic renal dysplasia, Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, cystic disease of the Renal medulla

What is the acronym for congenital kidney abnormalitis

HERD

What does the acronym for congenital kidney abnormalities stand for

Horseshoe kidney Ectopic kidney Renal agenesis Duplex ureters

Addison’s

Tired toned tanned tearful

Acronym for the cranial causes of diabetes insipidus

CIVIT

What does the acronym for the cranial causes of diabetes insipidus stand for

``` Congenital defect in ADH Idiopathic Vascular Infection: meningoencephalitis Tumour (pituitary adenoma), Tuberculosis and Trauma ```

Acronym for the nephrogenic causes of diabetes insipidus

DIMC

What does the acronym for the nephrogenic causes of diabetes insipidus stand for

Drugs e.g Lithium Inherited Metabolic, low K high Ca Chronic renal disease

ACTH independent causes of Cushings syndrome acronym

CARS

What does the acronym for the ACTH independent causes of Cushings syndrome stand for

Cancer: adrenal adenoma Adrenal nodular hyperplasia Rare causes: McCune-Albright syndrome Steroids

What is the acronym for the function of cortisol

AAA

What does the acronym for the function of cortisol stand for

mAke glucose in the liver Antistress pathway Antiinflammatory pathway

Acronym for conditions addisons is associated with

3PGH

What does the acronym for the conditions addisons is associated with stand for

``` Pernicous anaemia Primary ovarian failure Polyglandular syndrome Graves disease Hashimoto's thyroiditis ```

What is the acronym for the causes of Addisons disease

MAILS

What does the acronym for the causes of Addisons disease stand for

``` Metastases from breast, lung, renal Autoimmune Infections (TB, oppurtunistic in HIV like CMV) Lymphomas Surgery, postadrenalectomy ```

What is the acronym for the causes of macrocytic anaemia

FAT RBC

What does the acronym for the causes of macrocytic anaemia

Folate deficiency Alcohol Thyroid (hypo) Reticulocytosis B12 deficiency/ pernicous anaemia Cytotoxic drugs

ALL associations acronym

DIP

What does the acronym for the associations of ALL stand for

Downs syndrome Ionising radiation Pregnancy

Acronym for the drugs in TB

RIPE

What does the acronym for the drugs in TB stand for

Rifampicin Ethambutol Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

What is the acronym for the genes in HIV replication

PEG

What does the acronym for the genes in HIV replication stand for

Pol (reverse transcriptase and integrase) Env (envelope proteins) Gag (viral structural proteins)

Bacterial virulence factors acronym

SET

What does the acronym for bacterial virulence factors stand for

Surface proteins for adhesion Enzymes Toxins

Acronym for the three complement pathways

CAL

What does the acronym for three complement pathways stand for

Classical Alternative Lectin

What is the acronym for the complement pathway functions

COCA

What does the acronym for the functions of the complement pathways stand for

Chemotaxis Opsonisation Cell lysis Antigen bearing agents are clumped together

What is the acronym for the criteria of diagnosing SLE

>4/11 of I AM PORN HSD

What does the acronym for the criteria of diagnosing SLE stand for

Immunological disorder ANA positive Malar rash Photosensitivity Oral ulcers Renal disorder Nonerosive arthritis, neurological disorder Haematological disorder Serositis Discoid rash

What is the acronym for the acute signs of a stroke

FAST

What does the acronym for the acute signs of a stroke stand for

Face, unilateral drooping Arms, weak and numb Speech, slurring of speech Time, medical emergency

What is the score for assessing the 7 day risk of stroke following TIA

ABCD2

What does the score for assessing the 7 day risk of stroke stand for

``` Age >60 BP >140/90 Clinical features (unilateral weakness=2, isolated slurred speech=1) Duration (>1hr=2, 10-59=1) Diabetes ```

What is the acronym for the histology findings in alzheimers

BAT

What does the acronym for the histology findings in alzheimers stand fir

Beta amyloid plaques Acetylcholine reduced neurofibrillary Tangles

What is the acronym for a frontal lobe seizure

JAM

What does the acronym for a frontal lobe seizure stand for

Jacksonian march pAlsy (todd's) Motor features

What is the acronym for a temporal lobe seizure

ADD FAT

What does the acronym for a temporal lobe seizure stand for

Aura that it will occur Deja vu Delusional behaviour Fear/ panic (hippocampal involvement) Automatisms Taste/ smell (uncal involvement)

What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of Parkinsons

Facial TRAPS

What does the acronym for the signs and symptoms of parkinsons stand for

``` Face expressionless Tremor (pill-rolling) Rigidity (cog-wheel) Akinesia Posture (stooped) Shuffling gait ```

What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of MS

DOTS

What does the acronym for the signs of symptoms of MS stand for

Diplopia, dysaethesia Optic neuritis Trigeminal neuralgia, trunk and lib ataxia ⬇️ sense of vibration also Uhthoff's phenomenon (symptoms worse in heat)

What is the acronym for the radiological findings in RA stand for

Loss of joint space Osteophytes Subchondral cysts Subarticular sclerosis

What is the acronym for spondyloarthropathies

PEAR

What does the acronym for spondyloarthropathies stand for

Psoriatic arthritis Enteropathic arthropathies Ankylosing spondylitis Reactive arthritis

What is the acronym for the causes of gout

Horrific DELAY

What does the acronym for the causes of gout stand for

``` Hyperuricaemia, hereditary Diuretics (thiazides) Ethanol Leukaemia renAl impairment associated with lesch-nYhan syndrom ```

What is the acronym for the causes of osteomalacia

REVOLT

What does the acronym for the causes of osteomalacia stand for

``` REsistance to vitamin D Vitamin D deficiency Osteodystrophy Liver disease Tumour induced osteomalacia ```

What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia

FUN BOO

What does the acronym for the signs and symptoms of BPH stand for

Frequency Urgency Nocturia BOO (bladder outflow obstruction) - hesitancy - intermittent flow - incomplete bladder emptying

Signs and symptoms of Ehlers Danlos

Hyperextension, Bruise easily, Osteoarthritis

Characteristics of glaucoma

Peripheral visual field lost ⬆️IOP Alterations to the optic nerve cup