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phase 2 > Acronyms > Flashcards

Acronyms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the acronym for the major criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure

A

PAINS

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2
Q

What does the acronym for the major criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure stand for

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, Acute pulmonary oedema, Increased heart size + central venous pressure, Neck vein dilation, S3 gallop

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3
Q

What is the acronym for the minor criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure

A

PAIN

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4
Q

What does the acronym for the minor criteria in the framingham criteria of heart failure stand for

A

Pleural effusion, Ankle oedema, Increased heart rate, Nocturnal cough

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5
Q

What is the acronym for the treatment for heart failure

A

ABCDDS

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6
Q

What does the acronym for the treatment of heart failure stand fro

A

Ace-i, Bisoprolol, Candesartan, Digoxin, Diuretics, Spironolactone

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7
Q

What is the acronym for the signs on CXR for heart failure

A

ABCDE

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8
Q

What does the acronym for the signs on CXR for heart failure stand for

A

Alveolar oedema, kerly B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated upper lobe vessels, pleural Effusion

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9
Q

What is the acronym for the signs of MI

A

RIP

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10
Q

What does the acronym for the signs of MI stand for

A

Raised jugular venous pressure, Increased pulse ,blood pressure changes, Pallor, anxiety

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11
Q

What is the acronym for the complications of MI

A

C PEAR DROP

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12
Q

What does the acronym for the complications of MI stand for

A

Cardiac arrythmia, cardiogenic shock. Pericarditis, Embolic, Aneurysm, Rupture of ventricle, Dresslers syndrome (autoimmune pericarditis), Rupture of free wall, O, Papillary muscle rupture

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13
Q

What is the acronym for the immediate management of MI

A

mona-b

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14
Q

What does the acronym for the immediate management of MI stand for

A

Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin+ Antiemetic, Beta blocker

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15
Q

What is the acronym for investigations of MI

A

ECG

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16
Q

What does the acronym for investigation of MI stand for

A

ECG, CT scan (coronary calcium score measured), coronary angiography, Go for thallium scan

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17
Q

Duke criteria major criteria

A

2 seperate positive blood cultures, endocardial involvement

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18
Q

What is the acronym fo the minor criteria in Dukes

A

FIVE

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19
Q

What does the acronym for the minor criteria in Dukes stand for

A

Fever, IV drug user, Immunological phenomeno (oslers nodes or roths spots), Vacular phenomena (janeaway lesions), Echocardiograph findings

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20
Q

How many dukes criteria are needed

A

2 major OR 1 major 3 minor OR 5 minor

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21
Q

What is the acronym for signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis

A

FROM JANE

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22
Q

What does the acronym for signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis stand for

A

Fever, Rothers spots, Oslers nodes, Murmur which is new, Janeaway lesions, Anaemia, Nails (splinter haemorrhages), Emboli

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23
Q

What is the the acronym for the treatment of pneumonia

A

BAPP

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24
Q

What does the acronym for the treatment of pneumonia stand for

A

Breathing (maintain O2 levels), Antibiotics, Pain (give anaesthesia), Pneumococcal vaccines for those at risk

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25
Q

What is the acronym for the treatment for bronchiectasis

A

ABCDS

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26
Q

What does the acronym for the treatment of bronchiectasis stand for

A

Antibiotics, Bronchodilators, Corticosteroids, postural Drainage, Surgery

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27
Q

What is the acronym for the treatment of acute asthma

A

O SHIT

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28
Q

What does the acronym for the treatment of acute asthma stand for

A

Oxygen, Salbutamol, Hydrocortisone, Ipratropium, Theophylline

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29
Q

What is the acronym for the causes of COPD

A

GASES

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30
Q

What does the acronym for the causes of COPD stand for

A

Genetics (alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency), Air pollution, Smoking, Exposure through occupation, Secondhand smoke exposure

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31
Q

What is the acronym for the consequences of COPD

A

CLIPPeR

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32
Q

What does the acronym for the consequences of COPD stand for

A

Cor pulmonale, Lung cancer, Infections, Pneumothorax, Polycythaemia, e, Respiratory failure

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33
Q

What is the acronym for the treatment of COPD

A

ABCS oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation

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34
Q

What does the acronym for the treatment of COPD stand for

A

Anticholinergics (ipratropium), Bronchodilators (Salmeterol), Corticosteroids, Smoking cessation

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35
Q

What is the acronym for the symptoms of respiratory failure

A

ABCD

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36
Q

What does the acronym for the symptoms of respiratory failure stand for

A

Agitation, Breathlessness, Confusion, Drowsiness and fatigue

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37
Q

Signs of type one respiratory failure

A

Central cyanosis

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38
Q

What is the acronym for the signs of type two respiratory failure

A

ABC

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39
Q

What does the acronym for the signs of type two respiratory failure stand for

A

A flapping tremor, Bounding pulse, Cyanosis

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40
Q

Acronym for DVT differential diagnosis

A

ABC

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41
Q

What does the acronym for the differential diagnosis of DVT stand for

A

A musculoskeletal injury, Bakers cyst rupture, Cellulitis

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42
Q

What is the acronym for causes of GI malabsorption

A

These definitely cause absorption problems

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43
Q

What does the acronym for causes of GI malabsorption stand for

A

Tropical sprue, Disaccharide deficiency, Coeliac and crohns, A-beta-lipoproteinaemia, Pancreatic insufficiency

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44
Q

What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis

A

PAN

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45
Q

What does the acronym for the signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis stand for

A

epigastric Pain, Anorexia, Nausea (grey turners and cullens)

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46
Q

What is the acronym for the causes of acute pancreatitis

A

I GET SMASHED

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47
Q

What does the acronym for the causes of acute pancreatitis stand for

A 
Idiopathic 
Gallstones
Ethanol 
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion venom
Endoscopic reterograde cholangiopancreatography
Drugs
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48
Q

Acronym for the complications of acute pancreatitis

A

HDAMN

49
Q

What does the acronym for the complications of acute pancreatitis stand for

A 
Haemorrhage
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Multiorgan failure
Necrosis
50
Q

What is the acronym for the causes of chronic pancreatitis

A

CAMP

51
Q

What does the acronym for the causes of chronic pancreatitis stand for

A

Cystic Fibrosis
Alcohol
Malnourishment
Pancreatic duct obstruction

52
Q

What is the acronym for the complications of chronic pancreatitis

A

Pseudocysts, Obstruction, Diabetes mellitus, Steatorrhoea

53
Q

What is the acronym for the risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma

A

Cyclophasmide
Aniline dyes
Phenacetin
Smoking

54
Q

What is the acronym for the classification of AKI

A

RIFLE

55
Q

What does the acronym for the classification of AKI stand for

A

Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End stage renal damage

56
Q

What is the acronym for the signs of nephritic syndrome

A

PHARAOH

57
Q

What does the acronym for the signs of nephritic syndrome stand for

A 
Proteinuria
Haematuria
Azotaemia
Red blood cell casts
Antistreptolyin O titres
Oliguria
Hypertension
58
Q

What is the acronym for the signs of nephrotic syndrome

A

PHHO

59
Q

What does the acronym for the signs of nephrotic syndrome stand for

A

Proteinuria, Hypoalbuminaemia, Hyperlipidaemia, Oedema

60
Q

Complications of ADPKD acronym

A

LAMB

61
Q

What does the acronym for ADPKD stand for

A

Liver cysts
Aneurysms
Mitral valve prolapse
Berry aneurysm rupture leading to SAH

62
Q

Acronym for cystic disease

A

CAAR

63
Q

What does the acronym for cystic disease stand for

A

Cystic renal dysplasia, Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, cystic disease of the Renal medulla

64
Q

What is the acronym for congenital kidney abnormalitis

A

HERD

65
Q

What does the acronym for congenital kidney abnormalities stand for

A

Horseshoe kidney
Ectopic kidney
Renal agenesis
Duplex ureters

66
Q

Addison’s

A

Tired toned tanned tearful

67
Q

Acronym for the cranial causes of diabetes insipidus

A

CIVIT

68
Q

What does the acronym for the cranial causes of diabetes insipidus stand for

A 
Congenital defect in ADH
Idiopathic
Vascular
Infection: meningoencephalitis
Tumour (pituitary adenoma), Tuberculosis and Trauma
69
Q

Acronym for the nephrogenic causes of diabetes insipidus

A

DIMC

70
Q

What does the acronym for the nephrogenic causes of diabetes insipidus stand for

A

Drugs e.g Lithium
Inherited
Metabolic, low K high Ca
Chronic renal disease

71
Q

ACTH independent causes of Cushings syndrome acronym

A

CARS

72
Q

What does the acronym for the ACTH independent causes of Cushings syndrome stand for

A

Cancer: adrenal adenoma
Adrenal nodular hyperplasia
Rare causes: McCune-Albright syndrome
Steroids

73
Q

What is the acronym for the function of cortisol

A

AAA

74
Q

What does the acronym for the function of cortisol stand for

A

mAke glucose in the liver
Antistress pathway
Antiinflammatory pathway

75
Q

Acronym for conditions addisons is associated with

A

3PGH

76
Q

What does the acronym for the conditions addisons is associated with stand for

A 
Pernicous anaemia
Primary ovarian failure
Polyglandular syndrome
Graves disease
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
77
Q

What is the acronym for the causes of Addisons disease

A

MAILS

78
Q

What does the acronym for the causes of Addisons disease stand for

A 
Metastases from breast, lung, renal
Autoimmune
Infections (TB, oppurtunistic in HIV like CMV)
Lymphomas
Surgery, postadrenalectomy
79
Q

What is the acronym for the causes of macrocytic anaemia

A

FAT RBC

80
Q

What does the acronym for the causes of macrocytic anaemia

A

Folate deficiency
Alcohol
Thyroid (hypo)

Reticulocytosis
B12 deficiency/ pernicous anaemia
Cytotoxic drugs

81
Q

ALL associations acronym

A

DIP

82
Q

What does the acronym for the associations of ALL stand for

A

Downs syndrome
Ionising radiation
Pregnancy

83
Q

Acronym for the drugs in TB

A

RIPE

84
Q

What does the acronym for the drugs in TB stand for

A

Rifampicin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

85
Q

What is the acronym for the genes in HIV replication

A

PEG

86
Q

What does the acronym for the genes in HIV replication stand for

A

Pol (reverse transcriptase and integrase)
Env (envelope proteins)
Gag (viral structural proteins)

87
Q

Bacterial virulence factors acronym

A

SET

88
Q

What does the acronym for bacterial virulence factors stand for

A

Surface proteins for adhesion
Enzymes
Toxins

89
Q

Acronym for the three complement pathways

A

CAL

90
Q

What does the acronym for three complement pathways stand for

A

Classical
Alternative
Lectin

91
Q

What is the acronym for the complement pathway functions

A

COCA

92
Q

What does the acronym for the functions of the complement pathways stand for

A

Chemotaxis
Opsonisation
Cell lysis
Antigen bearing agents are clumped together

93
Q

What is the acronym for the criteria of diagnosing SLE

A

> 4/11 of I AM PORN HSD

94
Q

What does the acronym for the criteria of diagnosing SLE stand for

A

Immunological disorder

ANA positive
Malar rash

Photosensitivity
Oral ulcers
Renal disorder
Nonerosive arthritis, neurological disorder

Haematological disorder
Serositis
Discoid rash

95
Q

What is the acronym for the acute signs of a stroke

A

FAST

96
Q

What does the acronym for the acute signs of a stroke stand for

A

Face, unilateral drooping
Arms, weak and numb
Speech, slurring of speech
Time, medical emergency

97
Q

What is the score for assessing the 7 day risk of stroke following TIA

A

ABCD2

98
Q

What does the score for assessing the 7 day risk of stroke stand for

A 
Age >60
BP >140/90
Clinical features (unilateral weakness=2, isolated slurred speech=1)
Duration (>1hr=2, 10-59=1)
Diabetes
99
Q

What is the acronym for the histology findings in alzheimers

A

BAT

100
Q

What does the acronym for the histology findings in alzheimers stand fir

A

Beta amyloid plaques
Acetylcholine reduced
neurofibrillary Tangles

101
Q

What is the acronym for a frontal lobe seizure

A

JAM

102
Q

What does the acronym for a frontal lobe seizure stand for

A

Jacksonian march
pAlsy (todd’s)
Motor features

103
Q

What is the acronym for a temporal lobe seizure

A

ADD FAT

104
Q

What does the acronym for a temporal lobe seizure stand for

A

Aura that it will occur
Deja vu
Delusional behaviour

Fear/ panic (hippocampal involvement)
Automatisms
Taste/ smell (uncal involvement)

105
Q

What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of Parkinsons

A

Facial TRAPS

106
Q

What does the acronym for the signs and symptoms of parkinsons stand for

A 
Face expressionless
Tremor (pill-rolling)
Rigidity (cog-wheel)
Akinesia
Posture (stooped)
Shuffling gait
107
Q

What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of MS

A

DOTS

108
Q

What does the acronym for the signs of symptoms of MS stand for

A

Diplopia, dysaethesia
Optic neuritis
Trigeminal neuralgia, trunk and lib ataxia
⬇️ sense of vibration
also Uhthoff’s phenomenon (symptoms worse in heat)

109
Q

What is the acronym for the radiological findings in RA stand for

A

Loss of joint space
Osteophytes
Subchondral cysts
Subarticular sclerosis

110
Q

What is the acronym for spondyloarthropathies

A

PEAR

111
Q

What does the acronym for spondyloarthropathies stand for

A

Psoriatic arthritis
Enteropathic arthropathies
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis

112
Q

What is the acronym for the causes of gout

A

Horrific DELAY

113
Q

What does the acronym for the causes of gout stand for

A 
Hyperuricaemia, hereditary
Diuretics (thiazides)
Ethanol
Leukaemia
renAl impairment
associated with lesch-nYhan syndrom
114
Q

What is the acronym for the causes of osteomalacia

A

REVOLT

115
Q

What does the acronym for the causes of osteomalacia stand for

A 
REsistance to vitamin D
Vitamin D deficiency
Osteodystrophy
Liver disease
Tumour induced osteomalacia
116
Q

What is the acronym for the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

FUN BOO

117
Q

What does the acronym for the signs and symptoms of BPH stand for

A

Frequency
Urgency
Nocturia

BOO (bladder outflow obstruction)

  • hesitancy
  • intermittent flow
  • incomplete bladder emptying
118
Q

Signs and symptoms of Ehlers Danlos

A

Hyperextension, Bruise easily, Osteoarthritis

119
Q

Characteristics of glaucoma

A

Peripheral visual field lost
⬆️IOP
Alterations to the optic nerve cup

phase 2 (17 decks)

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