Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

science > year 2 chap 14 > Flashcards

year 2 chap 14 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

why do we need to eat?

A

we eat because food provides the nutrients that our body needs to carry out cellular activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an example of a cellular activity?

A

respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what happens during respiration?

A

energy is released to carry out processes such as growth and tissue repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the three common types of nutrients found in our food?

A

carbohydrates, proteins and fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the other nutrients that the body needs to function normally?

A

vitamins, water, fibre and mineral salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why does food need to be broken down?

A

so that the nutrients in it can be absorbed by our body and used by the body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why do large organisms like humans have digestive systems?

A

to break food down into small soluble pieces and the digested food can be used by body cells to release energy through cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how long is the human digestive system?

A

it is a 9-metre-long muscular tube that starts from the mouth and ends at the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens when food moves down the digestive tract?

A

it is broken down into small soluble molecules by a combination of physical and chemical processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does physical process of digestion mean?

A

when food is broken down into smaller pieces by physical or mechanical means such as crushing, grinding and mixing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does chemical process of digestion mean?

A

when food is broken down into small molecules through the action of biological molecules known as enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are enzymes and what do they do?

A

enzymes are biological molecules produced by the digestive system and they speed up the breakdown of large food molecules into small molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens when there are no enzymes?

A

without enzymes, most chemical reactions would take too much time to complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does it mean when it is said that enzymes are specific?

A

they act only on one type of substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the 3 common classes of enzymes in the human digestive system?

A

carbohydrases, proteases and lipases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are carbohydrases?

A

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are proteases?

A

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of proteins into amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are lipases?

A

enzymes that speed up the breakdown of fats {or lipids} into fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is glycerol?

A

glycerol is a type of carbohydrate known as a sugar alcohol or a polyol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are examples of end products of digestion?

A

simple sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

end products of digestion are ___
‘small and soluble’ or ‘large and insoluble’

A

small and soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the different parts of the digestive system?

A

mouth, gullet, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens during physical and chemical digestion in the mouth?

A

𝓹𝓱𝔂𝓼𝓲𝓬𝓪𝓵 𝓭𝓲𝓰𝓮𝓼𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷: strong teeth and jaw muscles in the mouth cut and crush the food into smaller pieces
𝓬𝓱𝓮𝓶𝓲𝓬𝓪𝓵 𝓭𝓲𝓰𝓮𝓼𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷: saliva in the mouth contains carbohydrases, partial digestion of starch, a type of carbohydrate, begins in the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the other function of the mouth?

A

saliva softens and lubricates the food for easier swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what happens during physical and chemical digestion in the gullet?

A

𝓹𝓱𝔂𝓼𝓲𝓬𝓪𝓵 𝓭𝓲𝓰𝓮𝓼𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷: none
𝓬𝓱𝓮𝓶𝓲𝓬𝓪𝓵 𝓭𝓲𝓰𝓮𝓼𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷: the gullet does not release any digestive juice but starch from the mouth continues to be digested by carbohydrases that are mixed with the food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the other function of the gullet?

A

the muscles of the gullet push the food towards the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what happens during physical and chemical digestion in the stomach?

A

𝓹𝓱𝔂𝓼𝓲𝓬𝓪𝓵 𝓭𝓲𝓰𝓮𝓼𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷: the stomach churns food into smaller pieces
𝓬𝓱𝓮𝓶𝓲𝓬𝓪𝓵 𝓭𝓲𝓰𝓮𝓼𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷: the stomach releases gastric juice that contains proteases to digest proteins

28
Q

what does the hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice released by the stomach do?

A

it kills harmful microorganisms and provides the right conditions for proteases to act

29
Q

what does the stomach have to protect its tissues from damage caused by the hydrochloric acid and proteases in the gastric juice?

A

a thick layer of mucus

30
Q

what do the muscles at both ends of the stomach control?

A

the muscles at both ends of the stomach control the food entering and leaving the stomach

31
Q

what happens during the physical and chemical digestion in the small intestine?

A

𝓹𝓱𝔂𝓼𝓲𝓬𝓪𝓵 𝓭𝓲𝓰𝓮𝓼𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷: none
𝓬𝓱𝓮𝓶𝓲𝓬𝓪𝓵 𝓭𝓲𝓰𝓮𝓼𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷:
- the small intestine is the main site for chemical digestion because of the numerous enzymes released
- fats are first digested here due to the presence of lipases in the digestive juices
- carbohydrates, proteins and fats are fully digested here

32
Q

what happens in the large intestine?

A

some of the remaining water and mineral salts in the food are absorbed here

33
Q

what happens in the rectum?

A

indigestible food and waste form faeces, which is temporarily stored here before it leaves the body

34
Q

what happens in the anus?

A

faeces is released through this opening

35
Q

what are the end products of digestion?

A

soluble molecules of digested food that are small enough to be absorbed into the blood

36
Q

what happens to the end products of digestion?

A

blood carries these molecules all around the body, where they are used for various purposes

37
Q

cells use ___ during respiration to release energy and this energy allows cells to carry out their functions and enable the body to grow

A

simple sugars

38
Q

___ serve as raw materials for tissue repair and cell growth

A

amino acids

39
Q

___ are used to make fats in the body

A

fatty acids and glycerol are used to make fats in the body

40
Q

what is diabetes?

A

a disease in which the level of sugar in the blood/blood sugar level is too high

41
Q

when does diabetes occur?

A

it occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin

42
Q

what is insulin?

A

a hormone that keeps the blood sugar level balanced

43
Q

what is another reason diabetes can occur?

A

when the body does not respond properly to insulin which results in a high level of sugar in the blood

44
Q

what other diseases are diabetes linked to?

A

obesity and other health issues like heart attack, kidney problems, high blood pressure, blindness and stroke

45
Q

how can be measure/monitor our blood sugar levels?

A

using a conventional blood sugar meter

46
Q

what are the symptoms of diabetes?

A
  • slow healing of wounds
  • constant hunger
  • frequent urination
  • tingling or numbness in feet
  • unexplained weight loss
  • blurred vision
47
Q

how can we prevent diabetes?

A
  • have regular health screenings
  • have a healthy and balanced diet (eat more whole grains, veggies, fruit and lean meat)
  • avoid foods high in salt, sugar and saturated fats
  • exercise regularly for at least 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week
  • avoid smoking and drinking alcohol
48
Q

the function of our digestive system is affected by?

A

the food we consume and our lifestyle choices

49
Q

how can we eat in a balanced way?

A

we can eat balanced by filling a quarter of your plate with whole-grains, a quarter with meat and others and half of your plate with fruits and vegetables

50
Q

what is constipation?

A

constipation is when the faeces moves through the large intestine very slowly

51
Q

what does constipation result in?

A

it results in too much water being absorbed from the faeces into the large intestine and they become hard and dry

52
Q

what are the possible causes of constipation?

A

stress, consumption of certain medicines, not having enough fibre in the diet and not drinking enough water

53
Q

what are some natural ways we can prevent constipation?

A

by eating food high in fibre, drinking more water and having adequate exercise

54
Q

what is the most common cause of gastric pain?

A

gastritis

55
Q

what is gastritis?

A

the painful swelling or inflammation of the stomach lining

56
Q

what are the symptoms of gastritis?

A

upper abdominal pain, nausea and bloating

57
Q

what can gastritis be caused by?

A

by a bacterial or viral infection

58
Q

what unhealthy lifestyle habits can increase the risk of gastritis?

A

skipping meals, consuming alcohol, consuming caffeine and eating too much oily food

59
Q

what are examples of food poisoning?

A

cholera and salmonella infection

60
Q

why are such diseases not common in SG?

A

proper sanitation and food hygiene

61
Q

what does eating food contaminated by bacteria lead to?

A

diarrhoea or vomiting

62
Q

why do we have diarrhoea or vomiting?

A

it’s our body’s way of getting rid of the harmful bacteria

63
Q

what are 2 food safety tips?

A

handling food safely and choosing food carefully

64
Q

what are examples of handling food safely?

A
  • use separate utensils and crockery for raw and cooked food
  • check that vendors separate raw food from cooked food
  • cover food properly before placing them in the fridge
  • always store cooked food and ready-to-eat food above raw food in the fridge
  • keep raw food below 5°C
65
Q

what are examples of choosing food carefully?

A
  • check that bottled milk or drinks are tightly sealed
  • select food with an expiry date that has not passed
  • don’t consume food from cans that are badly dented or bloated
  • don’t buy chilled or frozen food that is not stored at the right temperature (chilled food should be stored between 0°C and 4°C ; frozen food should be stored below -18°C)
  • don’t eat food that has turned mouldy
66
Q

why are certain bacteria important?

A
  • bacteria can help us fight off certain diseases, absorb nutrients and mineral salts, and produce certain enzymes, vitamins and amino acids
  • they can also help to digest certain food (e.g some carbohydrates) in our body
67
Q

what are examples of foods produced using bacteria?

A

coffee, chocolate, yogurt, cheese, vinegar, pickles, miso, sourdough bread and belacan

science (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions