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Medicine - Year 2 > Year 2 Anatomy > Flashcards

Year 2 Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape of the lateral border of the kidney?

A

Convex

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2
Q

What is the shape of the medial border of the kidney?

A

Concave

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3
Q

Which kidney is higher?

A

Left

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4
Q

Which muscles are medial, superior and inferior to the kidney?

A

Medial: Psoas major
Superior: Diaphragm
Inferior: Quadratus lumborum

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5
Q

What order does the renal vein and artery enter the renal hilum?

A

Renal vein anteriorly

Renal artery posteriorly

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6
Q

What do the segmental arteries supply?

A

The renal parenchyma and kidneys functional tissue

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7
Q

What are the renal columns?

A

Extensions of the renal cortex into the medulla

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8
Q

What are medullary rays?

A

Straight tubes –> Collecting ducts

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9
Q

What are renal papillae?

A

Renal pyramid –> Minor calcyes

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10
Q

What 4 structures are found in front of the right kidney?

A

Liver, Duodenum, Ascending colon, Hepatic flexture

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11
Q

What 6 structures are found in front of the left kidney?

A

Stomach, Spleen, Pancreas, Jejumum, Splenic flexture, Descending colon

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12
Q

Where does the Transpyloric plane cross the kidneys?

What vertebral level?

A

Hilum of the left
Superior pole of the right

T1

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13
Q

Where do the ureters lie?

A

Sticks to the fascia of the posterior abdominal wall muscles and parietal perineum

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14
Q

How do the ureters enter the pelvis?

A

Enter the pelvis by crossing the bifurcation of the common iliac artery

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15
Q

What are the three ‘narrowings’ of the ureters?

A

Renal pelvis narrows to become the ureter
Ureter passes posteriorly and inferiorly over the pelvic brim
Ureter enters the urinary bladder wall

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16
Q

What is the venous drainage of the urinary bladder?

Why is this clinically relevant?

A

Vesical pleux on the inferiolateral border communicates with veins draining the vertebral column, prostate and hindgut
Relevant for prostatic metastasis to the vertebral column

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the urinary bladder?

A

Sympathetic fibres from T11-L2 to the vesical plexux via the hypogastric plexues
Pain to the upper bladder

Parasympathetic fibres from sacral via pelvic splanchnic nerves and inferior hypogastric pleux
Pain to the rest of the bladder

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18
Q

What do the lactiferous lobules make up?

How many lobules make up a lobe?

A

Lactiferous lobules make up the lactiferous glands

One lobe has many lobules

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19
Q

What is the passage of milk through the breast?

A

Lobe –> Lobule –> Duct –> Sinus –> Nipple

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20
Q

What are the axillary lymph nodes?

A 
Humeral (how)
Central (can)
Apical (a)
Subscapular (snake)
Pectoral  (poo)
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21
Q

What attaches to the posterior leaf of the broad ligament?

A

Ovary

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22
Q

What attaches the upper part of the ovary to the uterus?

A

Ligament of the ovary

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23
Q

What is the shape of the clavicle bone?

A

Lateral is flat and concave

Medial is cylindrical and convex

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24
Q

Where are the supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles found?

A

Superior and inferior to the glenoid fossa

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25
What type of joint is the: Sternoclavicular Acromiclavicular Glenohumeral
Sternoclavicular: atypical synovial (fibrocartilage) Acromiclavicular: atypical synovial (fibrocartilage) Glenohumeral: synovial
26
What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres major Subscapularis
27
Where do the scapulohumeral muscles arise and insert?
Arise: Scapula Insert: Humerus
28
What nerve innervates the anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
29
What nerve innervates the posterior (extensor) compartment of the forearm?
Radial nerve
30
What are the 2 ways which the muscles of the pectoral girdle are attached?
Directly: Between axial skeleton and clavicle/scapula Indirectly: Between axial skeleton and humerus
31
What is the role of the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major
Attach the humerus and pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton
32
What are the superior, medial and lateral borders of the cubital fossa?
Superior: Line connecting medial and lateral humeral epicondyles Medial: Lateral pronator teres Lateral: Medial brachioradialis
33
What does the cubital fossa contain?
Brachial artery, median nerve and median cubital vein
34
How does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm?
By passing between the humeral and ulnar heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
35
How does the ulnar artery enter the forearm?
By passing deep to the pronator teres
36
How does the median nerve enter the forearm?
By passing between the heads of the pronator teres
37
Where is the anterior interosseus nerve and artery found?
Deep in the wrist
38
Where is the posterior interosseus nerve found?
Between the heads of the supinator
39
Where is the superficial radial nerve?
Passes distally into the forearm deep to the brachioradialis
40
Define the common extensor origin
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
41
What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?
Medially: Extensor pollicis longus tendon Laterally: Extensor pollicis brevis tendon and abductor pollicis longus tenson
42
How is the posterior compartment of the thigh separated from the anterior and medial compartment?
Separated from the anterior by the lateral intermuscular septum Continues medially with the medial
43
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle? (3)
Inguinal ligament Medial border of sartorius Medial border of adductor longus
44
What makes the floor of the femoral triangle? (4) | What makes the roof of the femoral triangle? (1)
Iliacus Psoas major Pestineus Adductor longus Fascia lata
45
What are the contents of the femoral triangle? (5)
``` NAVEL: Femoral Nerve Femoral Artery Femoral Vein Femoral canal (Empty space for hernias) Deep inguinal Lymph nodes ```
46
What are the boundaries of the adductor canal? (5)
Anterior: Sartorius Posterior and medial: Adductor longus and Adductor magnus Lateral: Vastus medialis Roof: Sartorius and Subsartorial fascia
47
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
Superficial femoral artery and vein Saphenous nerve Nerve to vastus medialis
48
What makes up the mid-tarsal joint?
Talonavicular joint | Calcaneocuboid joint
49
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Superomedially: Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus Superolaterally: Biceps femoris Inferomedially: Medial head of gastrocnemius Inferolaterally: Lateral head of gastrocnemius
50
What makes up the floor of the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal surface of femur Posterior capsule of knee joint Popliteus muscle
51
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa? (5)
``` Common fibular (peroneal) nerve Tibial nerve Popliteal vein Small saphenous vein Popliteal artery (nerve > vein > artery) ```
52
What does the tibial nerve and artery divide into?
Lateral and medial plantar nerve and artery
53
What does the interventricular foramen of Mono join?
Joins the lateral and third ventricles together
54
What are the walls of the third ventricle formed by? | Where is it found?
Walls formed by the thalamus | Found in the diencephalon
55
What are the walls of the fourth ventricle formed by?
Cerebellar peduncles form the roof | Lower pons and upper medulla form the floor
56
Another name for the pituitary stalk
Hypophyseal infundibulum
57
What is the role of the levator palpebrae superioris? | What nerve is it innervated by?
Elevation of the upper eyelid | CN III
58
What is the role of the superior rectus? | What nerve is it innervated by?
Elevation, adduction, medial rotation of eyeball | CN III
59
What is the role of the superior oblique? | What nerve is it innervated by?
Depression, abduction and medial rotation of eyeball | CN IV
60
What is the role of the medial rectus? | What nerve is it innervated by?
Adduction of eyeball | CN III
61
What is the role of the lateral rectus? | What nerve is it innervated by?
Abduction of eyeball | CN VI
62
What is the role of the inferior rectus? | What nerve is it innervated by?
Depression, adduction, lateral rotation of eyeball | CN III
63
What is the role of the inferior oblique? | What nerve is it innervated by?
Elevation, adduction, lateral rotation of eyeball | CN III

Medicine - Year 2 (19 decks)

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