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Medicine - Year 2 > Year 2 Anatomy > Flashcards

Year 2 Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape of the lateral border of the kidney?

A

Convex

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2
Q

What is the shape of the medial border of the kidney?

A

Concave

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3
Q

Which kidney is higher?

A

Left

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4
Q

Which muscles are medial, superior and inferior to the kidney?

A

Medial: Psoas major
Superior: Diaphragm
Inferior: Quadratus lumborum

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5
Q

What order does the renal vein and artery enter the renal hilum?

A

Renal vein anteriorly

Renal artery posteriorly

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6
Q

What do the segmental arteries supply?

A

The renal parenchyma and kidneys functional tissue

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7
Q

What are the renal columns?

A

Extensions of the renal cortex into the medulla

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8
Q

What are medullary rays?

A

Straight tubes –> Collecting ducts

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9
Q

What are renal papillae?

A

Renal pyramid –> Minor calcyes

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10
Q

What 4 structures are found in front of the right kidney?

A

Liver, Duodenum, Ascending colon, Hepatic flexture

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11
Q

What 6 structures are found in front of the left kidney?

A

Stomach, Spleen, Pancreas, Jejumum, Splenic flexture, Descending colon

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12
Q

Where does the Transpyloric plane cross the kidneys?

What vertebral level?

A

Hilum of the left
Superior pole of the right

T1

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13
Q

Where do the ureters lie?

A

Sticks to the fascia of the posterior abdominal wall muscles and parietal perineum

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14
Q

How do the ureters enter the pelvis?

A

Enter the pelvis by crossing the bifurcation of the common iliac artery

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15
Q

What are the three ‘narrowings’ of the ureters?

A

Renal pelvis narrows to become the ureter
Ureter passes posteriorly and inferiorly over the pelvic brim
Ureter enters the urinary bladder wall

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16
Q

What is the venous drainage of the urinary bladder?

Why is this clinically relevant?

A

Vesical pleux on the inferiolateral border communicates with veins draining the vertebral column, prostate and hindgut
Relevant for prostatic metastasis to the vertebral column

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17
Q

What is the innervation of the urinary bladder?

A

Sympathetic fibres from T11-L2 to the vesical plexux via the hypogastric plexues
Pain to the upper bladder

Parasympathetic fibres from sacral via pelvic splanchnic nerves and inferior hypogastric pleux
Pain to the rest of the bladder

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18
Q

What do the lactiferous lobules make up?

How many lobules make up a lobe?

A

Lactiferous lobules make up the lactiferous glands

One lobe has many lobules

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19
Q

What is the passage of milk through the breast?

A

Lobe –> Lobule –> Duct –> Sinus –> Nipple

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20
Q

What are the axillary lymph nodes?

A 
Humeral (how)
Central (can)
Apical (a)
Subscapular (snake)
Pectoral  (poo)
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21
Q

What attaches to the posterior leaf of the broad ligament?

A

Ovary

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22
Q

What attaches the upper part of the ovary to the uterus?

A

Ligament of the ovary

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23
Q

What is the shape of the clavicle bone?

A

Lateral is flat and concave

Medial is cylindrical and convex

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24
Q

Where are the supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles found?

A

Superior and inferior to the glenoid fossa

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25
Q

What type of joint is the:
Sternoclavicular
Acromiclavicular
Glenohumeral

A

Sternoclavicular: atypical synovial (fibrocartilage)
Acromiclavicular: atypical synovial (fibrocartilage)
Glenohumeral: synovial

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26
Q

What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres major
Subscapularis

27
Q

Where do the scapulohumeral muscles arise and insert?

A

Arise: Scapula
Insert: Humerus

28
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

29
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior (extensor) compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve

30
Q

What are the 2 ways which the muscles of the pectoral girdle are attached?

A

Directly: Between axial skeleton and clavicle/scapula
Indirectly: Between axial skeleton and humerus

31
Q

What is the role of the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major

A

Attach the humerus and pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton

32
Q

What are the superior, medial and lateral borders of the cubital fossa?

A

Superior: Line connecting medial and lateral humeral epicondyles
Medial: Lateral pronator teres
Lateral: Medial brachioradialis

33
Q

What does the cubital fossa contain?

A

Brachial artery, median nerve and median cubital vein

34
Q

How does the ulnar nerve enter the forearm?

A

By passing between the humeral and ulnar heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

35
Q

How does the ulnar artery enter the forearm?

A

By passing deep to the pronator teres

36
Q

How does the median nerve enter the forearm?

A

By passing between the heads of the pronator teres

37
Q

Where is the anterior interosseus nerve and artery found?

A

Deep in the wrist

38
Q

Where is the posterior interosseus nerve found?

A

Between the heads of the supinator

39
Q

Where is the superficial radial nerve?

A

Passes distally into the forearm deep to the brachioradialis

40
Q

Define the common extensor origin

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

41
Q

What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Medially: Extensor pollicis longus tendon
Laterally: Extensor pollicis brevis tendon and abductor pollicis longus tenson

42
Q

How is the posterior compartment of the thigh separated from the anterior and medial compartment?

A

Separated from the anterior by the lateral intermuscular septum
Continues medially with the medial

43
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle? (3)

A

Inguinal ligament
Medial border of sartorius
Medial border of adductor longus

44
Q

What makes the floor of the femoral triangle? (4)

What makes the roof of the femoral triangle? (1)

A

Iliacus
Psoas major
Pestineus
Adductor longus

Fascia lata

45
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle? (5)

A 
NAVEL:
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Femoral canal (Empty space for hernias)
Deep inguinal Lymph nodes
46
Q

What are the boundaries of the adductor canal? (5)

A

Anterior: Sartorius
Posterior and medial: Adductor longus and Adductor magnus
Lateral: Vastus medialis
Roof: Sartorius and Subsartorial fascia

47
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A

Superficial femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis

48
Q

What makes up the mid-tarsal joint?

A

Talonavicular joint

Calcaneocuboid joint

49
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Superomedially: Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus
Superolaterally: Biceps femoris
Inferomedially: Medial head of gastrocnemius
Inferolaterally: Lateral head of gastrocnemius

50
Q

What makes up the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal surface of femur
Posterior capsule of knee joint
Popliteus muscle

51
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa? (5)

A 
Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
Tibial nerve
Popliteal vein
Small saphenous vein 
Popliteal artery 
(nerve > vein > artery)
52
Q

What does the tibial nerve and artery divide into?

A

Lateral and medial plantar nerve and artery

53
Q

What does the interventricular foramen of Mono join?

A

Joins the lateral and third ventricles together

54
Q

What are the walls of the third ventricle formed by?

Where is it found?

A

Walls formed by the thalamus

Found in the diencephalon

55
Q

What are the walls of the fourth ventricle formed by?

A

Cerebellar peduncles form the roof

Lower pons and upper medulla form the floor

56
Q

Another name for the pituitary stalk

A

Hypophyseal infundibulum

57
Q

What is the role of the levator palpebrae superioris?

What nerve is it innervated by?

A

Elevation of the upper eyelid

CN III

58
Q

What is the role of the superior rectus?

What nerve is it innervated by?

A

Elevation, adduction, medial rotation of eyeball

CN III

59
Q

What is the role of the superior oblique?

What nerve is it innervated by?

A

Depression, abduction and medial rotation of eyeball

CN IV

60
Q

What is the role of the medial rectus?

What nerve is it innervated by?

A

Adduction of eyeball

CN III

61
Q

What is the role of the lateral rectus?

What nerve is it innervated by?

A

Abduction of eyeball

CN VI

62
Q

What is the role of the inferior rectus?

What nerve is it innervated by?

A

Depression, adduction, lateral rotation of eyeball

CN III

63
Q

What is the role of the inferior oblique?

What nerve is it innervated by?

A

Elevation, adduction, lateral rotation of eyeball

CN III

Medicine - Year 2 (19 decks)

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