Year 12 - Biodiversity and Classification Flashcards
Suggests reasons for conserving named ecosystem
- Conserving / protecting habitats and niches;
- Conserving / protecting species
- maintains / increases biodiversity
- Reduces global warming / climate change carbon dioxide removed
- Source of medicines
- Reduces erosion / eutrophication.
- More tourism
Advantage of using SD over range as a measure of variation
SD is spread of data around the mean.
SD reduces effect of anomalies.
Can be used to see if differences (->increases/decreases) between means are significant .
Define:
Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Species richness
Habitat
Community
Species
Hierarchy
Niche
Ecosystem
Carrying capacity
Population
phylogenetic group
Succession
Climax community
Define abiotic factors
Describe and explain how 2 abiotic factors cause differences in two species growing between 2 different sites
The non-living part of an ecosystem
More Wave action – reduces grips to rocks/habitat (Eg algae)
More Air movement – more evaporation or damage
Less humidity – more evaporation or damage
Temperature – link to reactions (photosynthesis/respiration), evaporation or enzymes appropriately.
pH – link to proteins/enzymes appropriately.
Salinity (salt concentration) – link to water potential
Nitrate concentrations – link to protein/DNA.
light intensity/co2 concentration - link to photosynthesis.
What is ‘N’ and ‘n’ in the index of diversity equation?
What is the advantage of index of diversity, rather than species richness, as a measure of biodiversity within a community?
‘N’ = total number of organisms of all species
‘n’ = number of organisms of each species
Index of diversity takes account of number of individuals within a population and the number of species whereas species richness measures only number of different species.
Describe interspecific competition
Competition between different species
Describe intraspecific competition
Competition between individuals of the same species
Explain how the mark-release-recapture method can be used to estimate the size of a [named species]
Collect samples, mark and release.
Ensure marking does not harm [named species].
Allow time to re-integrate and randomly distribute within the rest of the population before collecting second sample and count number marked.
Estimation of population by:
Describe ways to standardise this sampling method.
Same size of area sampled
Same size net/mesh
Same sampling time
Samples taken at same time of day/on same day
Describe conditions for results to be valid with this sampling method.
marking is not removed and does not affect survival/ does not increase vulnerability to predation
No immigration or emigration
Sufficient time for marked individuals to re-integrate and randomly distribute within population.
No births or deaths
Sampling method is the same
Describe why results may be unreliable when sampling an area to represent a very large area
Less chance of recapturing fish
Harder to capture marked animals as they congregate
or
Unlikely animal distribute randomly and instead remain in one are
Describe how you would you use a transect to investigate whether the distribution of [named non motile] across a distance
Lay tape measure from one side of …… to other side of ……
Place quadrat at regular intervals along the tape measure.
Count numbers/ percentage cover of [name species]
Use several transects.
Describe how could estimate the size of a population of [name species] in an area.
Use a grid
Use a random number generator to obtain random coordinates.
Place quadrat at coordinates and count number of [named species] present
Large sample and calculate mean number per quadrat
by dividing total number of plants by number of quadrats (# per quadrat)
Describe how could estimate the % cover of a population of [name species] in an area.
Use a grid
Use a random number generator to obtain random coordinates.
Place quadrat at coordinates and determine % cover [named species] present
Large sample and calculate mean % cover per quadrat
by dividing total % cover by number of quadrats (% per quadrat)
change ‘quadrat’ to ‘area of quadrat’ and scale to get % cover per m2
Give the taxonomy hierarchy
Domain,
Kingdom,
Phylum,
Class,
Order,
Family,
Genus,
species
