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year 10 > Year 11 - bio T1 > Flashcards

Year 11 - bio T1 Flashcards

1
Q

Population

A

Number of members of a single specie

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2
Q

Community

A

All the organisms in a habitat

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3
Q

Habitat

A

Where animals and plants live

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4
Q

Ecosystem

A

The community and enviroment

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5
Q

Ecologist

A

A person who studies habitats

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6
Q

Enviroment

A

The surrounding of an organism

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7
Q

Humidity

A

How much water vapor there is in the air

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8
Q

Light intensity

A

How bright the light is

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9
Q

Micro habitat

A

Small area in a habitat where organisms live

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10
Q

Quadrat

A

A sampling square used to estimate plant populations

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11
Q

Explain the quadrat practicle

A
  • Place quadrant randomly in sampling area
  • Count the number of members in an organism
  • Repeat this three times
  • Repeat this in another area
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12
Q

Abiotic Fabiots

A

Non-living environmental factors that can affect the organisms in ecosystems
They can affect a range of species as each org is adapted to certain environments eg :light intensity, soil Ph , O2 level, availability of minerals and nutrients p

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13
Q

Biotic Fabiots

A

-Interaction associated with living orgs
They will affect all species as they have the vulnerability of being food to predators or being a host to a disease that can affect populations of species eg: predation, disease, competition for food, bacteria, fungi

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14
Q

Producers

A

Orgs that produce their own organic nutrients such as plants through photosynthesis

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15
Q

Primary consumers

A

Herbivores feed on plants

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16
Q

Secondary consumer

A

Predators that feed on secondary consumers

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17
Q

Tertiary consumer

A

Predators that feed on the secondary consumer

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18
Q

Decomposers

A

Bacteria and fungi that breaks down dead animal’s body, urea and undigested waste for energy (using enzymes to break down compounds)

19
Q

Food chains

A

Shows the feeding relationship between living things

20
Q

Food webs

A

Shows all the food chains in an ecosystem, showing the food of energy in a habitat

21
Q

Pyramids of numbers

A

Shows the population of each org at each trophic level in a food chain.
The bars represent the population so wider the bar, the larger the population
Producer at the bottom
Energy is lost to the surroundings form one trophic level to the next so there are usually fewer organisms at each trophic level

Tree —> aphid —> blue tit
1 100 2

22
Q

Pyramids of Biomass

A

Biomass is the mass of living material in each org multiplied by their population at each trophic level
As biomass is a measure of the amount of food available, this decreases form one trophic level to the next as energy is lost to respiration, not digested or not eaten

Clover —> snail —> blue tit —> sparrow hawk
1000 50 20. 10

23
Q

Pyramids of energy transfer

A

Shows the transfer of energy at each trophic level form one trophic level to the next
Energy is lost by respiration, may not be digested or may not be eaten , causing the availability of energy to be passed on to decrease this.

24
Q

Energy is lost to

A

RESPIRATION - to release energy for life processes such as movement or heat energy
NOT EATEN - Food may not all be eaten such as bones or fibers
NOT DIGESTED- Food may not be digested, resulting in energy lost to fame es which are broken down by decomposes
EXCRETED IN WASTE- Food eaten is broken down and excreted as waste eg: urea
TROPHIC LEVELS - Feeding levels in a food chain

25
Q

Carbon cycles

A

Describes the movement of carbon molecules in the enviroment

26
Q

Carbon cycles - Respiration

A

All living orgs will respire aerobically and release CO2 into the atmosphere as organic compounds that are broken down to realize energy

27
Q

Carbon cycle - photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis flexes carbon atoms from atmospheric CO2 into organic molecules and becomes part of complex carbon compounds in plants

28
Q

Carbon cycle - decomposition

A

Dead orgs are broken down by decomposers and carbon in their bodies are returned to the atmosphere as CO2

29
Q

Carbon cycle - Combustion

A

If decomposition is blocked, plant and animal material are available as fossil fuels after a long period of time. Combustion of fossil fuels real eases CO2 back into the atmosphere

30
Q

Human influences on the environment - Sulfur dioxide explication

A
  • Fossil Fuels will Burn to Produce Sulfur Dioxide

- Sulfur Dioxide will Dissolve in Water Droplets in Clouds, Forming Dilute Sulfuric Acid, Causing Acid Rain

31
Q

Human influences on the environment - sulfur dioxide consequences

A

-Leaches Minerals and Nutrients Out of the Soil and cause Plants and Trees to Die
-Damages Waxy Layer of Leaves, Making it Difficult for Trees to Absorb -Mineral Ions they Need for Growth
-Makes Rivers and Lakes Too Acidic, Resulting in Aquatic Organisms to
DieCorrodes Metals (Steel) and Limestone in Buildings

32
Q

Human influences on the environment - carbon monoxide explanation

A
  • Poisonous Gas that is Produced when Fossil Fuels Burn in Limited Amount of Air (Incomplete Combustion)
  • Binds Irreversibly to Haemoglobin and Reduces the Capacity of Oxygen Carried in Red Blood Cells
33
Q

Human influences on the environment - carbon monoxide consequences

A
  • Reduces Capacity of Oxygen Carried in Blood so will cause Tiredness, Unconsciousness and Even Death
  • Less Oxygen for Aerobic Respiration so can cause Emphysema
  • If Pregnant, Insufficient Oxygen so Less Aerobic Respiration to Release Energy for Growth of Fetus
34
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

Gases that Absorb Infrared Radiation from the Sun and Remains Trapped in the Earth’s Atmosphere, Causing Earth’s Average Temperature to Rise as a Result

35
Q

Kinds of ghg

A

WATER VAPOUR- Rivers, Lakes and oceans
CARBON DIOXIDE- Deforestation and Using Fuels
NITROUS OXIDE- Fertilisers and Vehicle Engines
METHANE- Rice Paddy Fields and Cattle

36
Q

Man made sources of ghg

A

WATER VAPOUR
Naturally Exists in Rivers, Lakes and Oceans
CARBON DIOXIDE
Produced when Burning Fuels in Industrial processes
Produced in Car Exhausts
NITROUS OXIDE
Released from Fertilisers on Land in Farms
Released from Cattle Waste in Farms
Produced from High Temperatures in Vehicle Engines
METHANE
Released from Rice Paddy Fields
Released from Cattle

37
Q

Enhance greenhouse effect definition

A

Caused by the Increased Concentration and Effect of Greenhouse Gases

38
Q

Enhanced greenhouse effect explanation

A

-The Sun Emits Rays that Enters the Earth’s Atmosphere
-The Heat is Emitted Back from the Earth’s Surface
-Some Heat is Reflected Back Out into Space
-But Some Heat is Absorbed by Greenhouse Gasses and is Trapped
Within the Earth’s Atmosphere so Causes the Earth’s Average Temperature to Rise as a Result

39
Q

Enhanced greenhouse effect consequences

A

-Climate Change due to Increase in Earth’s Temperature
-Water Levels will Rise as Glaciers will Melt because of High Temperatures
-Extinction of Species due to Inhabitable Environment
Migration of Species as they will Move to Areas that are More Habitable (No Droughts)
_Spread of Diseases caused by the Cold Climate
-Loss of Habitat due to Climate Change (Animals that Live on Glaciers)

40
Q

Biological consequences of sewage in water consequences 1

A

REPRODUCTION OF MICRO-ORGANISMS

  • Sewage is Rich in Minerals and Nutrients that Provides Large Amounts of Energy to Allow Organisms such as Decomposers to Reproduce, increasing their Population
  • Sewage is Rich in Nutrients (Phosphates) that will Encourage the Growth of Algae, causing Algae Bloom to Form on the Surface
41
Q

Biological consequences of sewage in water consequences 2

A

DEPLETION OF OXYGEN
-Decomposers will Respire Aerobically to Break Down Sewage and Dead Plants (From Lack of Sunlight Due to Algae Bloom) so will cause Depletion of Oxygen, causing Aquatic Organisms to Die
-Sewage May Contain Bacteria that will Respire Aerobically, Using Up Oxygen in the Water
Sewage will Increase Population of Organisms in the Water so will cause More Aerobic Respiration to take place, Further Increasing the Depletion of Oxygen

42
Q

Eutrophication

A

When Fertilisers are Washed Off from Land into Rivers and Lakes by Rain

43
Q

Eutrophication explication

A

1.Excessive Nutrients from Fertilisers on Land are Washed into Rivers and Lakes by Rain
2.Excessive Nutrients will Allow Rapid Plant Growth such as Algae, Duckweed and Other Plants
3.Rapid Algae Growth will cause Algae Bloom to Form on the Surface, Blocking Sunlight from Reaching Plants Underneath. Plants will Die as a Result, causing Less Photosynthesis to Take Place so will cause 4.Depletion of Oxygen levels
Decomposers (Bacteria) will Further Deplete Oxygen levels as they will Respire Aerobically to Break Down Dead Plants
5.Death of the Ecosystem will Occur as Oxygen Levels Reaches a Point where No Life is Possible, causing Aquatic Organisms to Die such as Fish

year 10 (11 decks)

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