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year 10 > Chem T3 > Flashcards

Chem T3 Flashcards

1
Q

How metals react with water

A 
K- violently
  - melts into a shinny ball that dashes around the surface
  - burns with lilac colores flame
Na- very quickly
     - bubbles of gas
     - melts into....
Li- quickly
   - bubbles of gas
Ca- more slowly
     - bubbles
     - white precipitate
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2
Q

Reactions with acids

A 
K, Na, Li, Ca- vigorously
                      - bubbles
                      - disappears 
Mg- quickly
     - bubbles
     -disappears
     -exothermic
     -colorless sol. formed
Zn - more more slowly
      - bubbles
      - disappears
      - colorless sol. formed
Fe- more slowly than Zn
    - bubbles
    - disappears
    - pale green sol. formed
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3
Q

Reactivity series order

A

K, Na, Ca, Li, Mg, Al, C, Zn, Fe, H, Cu, Ag, Au

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4
Q

Reactivity equations

A

Then most reactive metal has to be with the other substance, and the less reactive alone

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5
Q

Rust

A

Iron + Water ——-> hydrated iron oxide

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6
Q

How can rusting be prevented

A

Barrier methods: the iron can be coated with grease, oil or paint.
Galvanizing: iron is coated with a layer of zinc.
Sacrificial protection: Blocks of Mg or Zn are attached to the iron object. They are more reactive, so iron will not react.

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7
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons and gain of oxygen

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8
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons and loss of oxygen

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9
Q

Redox

A

Reaction where oxidation and reduction occur

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10
Q

Practical: Investigate reactions between dilute hydrochloric and sulphuric acids and metals (write up)

A

Acids react with most metals when they do a salt and hydrogen gas is produced
Metal + Hydrochloric acid —-> metal chloride + hydrogen
Metal + Sulphuric acid —-> metal sulphate + hydrogen

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11
Q

Practical dilute acids and metals: method

A

Add acid into conical flask
Add metal into conical flask
Observe reaction and the rate in which bubbles are produced

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12
Q

Practical: dilute acids and metal (results)

A

MG- Quickly, bubbles of gas, disappears, exothermic, colorless sol. formed. H2SO4: Mg + H2SO4 —> MgSO4 + H2.
HCl: Mg + 2HCl —-> MgCl2 + H2
ZN- more more slowly, bubbles, disappears, colourles sol. formed
HCl: Zn + 2HCl —-> ZnCl2 + H2
H2SO4: Zn + H2SO4 —-> ZnSO4 + H2
FE- more slowly than Zn, bubbles, disappears, pale green sol. formed
HCl: Fe + 2HCl —-> FeCl2 + H2
H2SO4: Fe + H2SO4 —-> FeSO4 + H2

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13
Q

Litmus

A

Turns red in acidic sols.
Turns blue in alkaline sols.
Turns purple in neutral sols.

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14
Q

Phenolphthalein and Methyl orange

A

Phenolphthalein changes color around pH 8

Methyl orange is a solution and changes into a range of warm colors.

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15
Q

Universal indicator

A

Supplied as a solution or a paper has a range of color to specify the pH of a sol.
In sol. form, drops of indicator are added and the change is observed
In paper form paper is dipped into sol. and change is observed

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16
Q

Ions

A

When atoms or groups of atoms gain electrons, they form charged particles called ions. These can be positively or negatively charged.

17
Q

Acids

A

When acids dissolve in water to form an aq sol. they produce hydrogen ions

18
Q

Alkalis

A

When alkalis dissolve in water to form an aq sol. they produce hydroxide ions

19
Q

Neutralization

A

A reaction in which acidity or alkalinity is removed

20
Q

Neutralization reaction: a neutralization reaction involving an acid and base will always produce a salt and water
Acid + base —-> salt + water

A

a neutralization reaction involving an acid and base will always produce a salt and water
Acid + base —-> salt + water

21
Q

How is crude oil separated

A

Compounds start to move up the column
Compounds with the largest hydrocarbon chains and the higher boiling points condense near the bottom
Compounds with the shorter hydrocarbon chins and the lower boiling points travel higher up the column and condense

22
Q

Fractions obtained from crude oil

A 
Refinery gases- bottled gas
Gasoline- petrol
Kerosene- jet fuel
Gas oil- fuel for lorries and buses
Fuel oil- fuel for ships and power stations
Bitumen- to make road surfaces and rafts
23
Q

Color and viscosity

A

Color gets darker, viscosity increases, boiling point increases and size of molecule increases down the column

24
Q

Fuel

A

When burned releases heat energy

25
Q

Complete combustion

A

This leads to the fermentation of carbon dioxide and water, they are green house gases

26
Q

Incomplete combustion

A

This leads to the fermentation of carbon monoxide and water

27
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

This is toxic. It reduces the capacities of the blood to carry oxygen around the body

28
Q

Acid rain

A

When the fossil fuels burn the sulphuric burns
When it does carbon dioxide is formed
This gas dissolves in water rain and produces acid rain

year 10 (11 decks)

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