Year 10 - Exchange and transport in animals Flashcards
Suggest 4 substances which must be transported into and out of the body
Carbon dioxide Oxygen Water Urea Minerals Nutrients
Urea is a poison produced by breaking down _________ _________. It is removed from the body by the ___________.
Amino acids
kidneys
What is the definition of diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high to low concentration
Suggest 3 ways in which the lungs are adapted for efficient gas exchange;
Large SA:V ratioLots of alveoli which have walls that are 1 cell thick so there is a short diffusion pathway
Maintained concentration gradient because of blood constantly flowing through capillaries passing the alveoli
How are arteries adapted for their function?
Thick elastic walls to deal with high pressure
How are veins adapted to their function?
Valves to stop backflow of bloodLarge lumen to allow blood to flow despite lower pressure
How are capillaries adapted to their function?
Walls are one cell thick to allow diffusion of substancespermeable walls for diffusionNarrow to get in between cells
what does plasma do in the blood
transports substances
what do Red blood cells (erythrocytes) do in the blood
carry Iron and oxygen in haemoglobin
what do white blood cells do in the blood
Fight against infection (lymphocytes make antibodies, phagocytes digest pathogens)
what do platelets do in the blood
help with clotting
Arteries carry blood ________________ the heart.
Veins carry blood _______________ the heart.
Away from
to the
The right chambers contain _______________ blood.
The left chambers contain ________________ blood.
Deoxygenated
Oxygenated
The heart contains __________ to stop blood from flowing the wrong way.
The heart is made mostly of ____________ tissue.
valves
muscle
Why does the left ventricle have a thicker muscle wall than the right?
The L ventricle pumps blood to the entire body so needs a greater force- more muscle tissue compared to the R which pumps to the lungs only.
