Mitosis, stem cells and neurones

Question 1

what is mitosis

Answer 1

The process of duplicating a cell to create two cells

Question 2

Why is mitosis important

Answer 2

It is how you grow and heal wounds

Question 3

what are the four stages of mitosis

Answer 3

PMAT:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 4

what are the two stages before and after mitosis

Answer 4

before-interphase

after-cytokinesis

Question 5

what happens during interphase

Answer 5

The cell grows and doubles its DNA

Question 6

what happens during prophase

Answer 6

The chromosomes condense and get thicker

Question 7

what happens during metaphase

Answer 7

The chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell

Question 8

what happens during anaphase

Answer 8

The chromosomes get pulled by spindle fibres to opposite ends of the cell

Question 9

what happens during telophase

Answer 9

membranes form around the chromosomes to become nuclei

Question 10

what happens during cytokinesis

Answer 10

cytoplasm and membrane divide into separate cells

Question 11

what happens during mitosis

Answer 11

a second nuclei is made to be used in a second cell

Question 12

what is asexual reproduction

Answer 12

a form of reproduction that only requires one parent to duplicate themselves.

Question 13

what are the three different stages of growth

Answer 13

cell differentiation (happens in plants and animals)
cell elongation (happens in plants)
cell division (happens in plants and animals)

Question 14

What is an example of asexual reproduction

Answer 14

mitosis

Question 15

What are the different zones in a plant

Answer 15

zone of cell division - the top of the plant (where the meristem is)
zone of elongation - the middle of the plant
zone of differentiation - the bottom of the plant

Question 16

true or false:

plants grown until they reach a certain age and they stop growing however humans grow forever until they die

Answer 16

false

Question 17

what is a stem cell

Answer 17

cells that can turn into other types of cells/become specialised

Question 18

what are the two types of stem cells

Answer 18

adult and embryonic

Question 19

give an example of where stem cells are used

Answer 19

Bone marrow (embryonic stem cells are also found in embryos)

Question 20

what is the nervous system

Answer 20

a system of nerves/neurones

Question 21

what do nerves/neurones do

Answer 21

carry electrical impulses the the CNS

Question 22

what is the CNS (central nervous system)

Answer 22

a system of nerves in the spinal cord and brain where electrical impulses are sent to

Question 23

what is the PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Answer 23

a system of nerves all around the body which detects feelings and sends them in the form of electrical impulses to the CNS

Question 24

what are the three different types of neurones

Answer 24

relay, motor and sensory

Question 25

what is a relay neurone

Answer 25

neurones that have many short dendrites and a axon, they carry nerve impulses to motor neurones

Question 26

what is a sensory neurone

Answer 26

neurones that have one long dendron and one short axon, they carry nerve impulses the the CNS

Question 27

what is a motor neurone

Answer 27

neurones that have many short dendrites and one long axon, they carry nerve impulses to the effector cells

Question 28

what does a myelin sheath do

Answer 28

help conduct electricity

Question 29

what is synapse

Answer 29

pockets of space between cells that transmit electric impulses to the next cell

Question 30

give an example of a reflex arc

Answer 30

stimulus
receptor
sensory neurone
relay neurone
motor neurone 
effector
response

Question 31

what is a diploid

Answer 31

a cell that has two sets of chromosomes (two sets of 23)

Question 32

what is a haploid

Answer 32

a cell that has one set of chromosomes (one set of 23)