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AQA A-Level Psychology Year 2 > Year 1 research methods > Flashcards

Year 1 research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a lab experiment

A

high controlled

iv manipulated

dv recorded

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2
Q

What are the strengths of a lab experiment

A

extraneous variables controlled , internal validity

easily replicated

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3
Q

weaknesses of lab experiment

A

reduced external validity

lack of mundane realism

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4
Q

What is a field experiment

A

manipulates iv in natural setting

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5
Q

Strengths of field experiment

A

higher external validity

less demand characteristics

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6
Q

weaknesses of field study

A

harder to control extraneous variables

ethical issues of informed consent

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7
Q

what is a natural experiment

A

naturally occurring iv

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8
Q

strength of natural experiment

A

high external validity

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9
Q

weaknesses of natural experiment

A

even less control over extraneous variables

p’s cannot be randomly allocated

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10
Q

what is a quasi experiment

A

iv based on an existing difference between people

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11
Q

strengths of quasi experiments

A

controlled

scientific credibility

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12
Q

weaknesses of quasi experiments

A

confounding variables as participants not randomly allocated

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13
Q

what is a naturalistic observation?

A

natural, non manipulated environment

high external validity

low control

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14
Q

What is a controlled observation

A

manipulated

more control

lower external validity

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15
Q

What is a covert observation?

A

participants are not aware they are being watched

truthful behaviour

ethical issues

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16
Q

what is an overt observation

A

participants do know and gives consent

ethically sound

participants may change behaviour

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17
Q

what is participants observation?

A

researcher takes part

greater insight

lose objectivity

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18
Q

what is non participant observation?

A

researcher doesn’t participate

remain objective

lack of extra insight

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19
Q

Strengths of questionnaires

A

potential large sample

easy to analyse responses

open or closed questions

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20
Q

weaknesses of questionnaires

A

response bias

social desirability bias

acquiescence bias

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21
Q

strengths of structures interviews

A

easily replicated

easy to analyse

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22
Q

weakness of structures interviews

A

inflexible

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23
Q

strengths of unstructured interviews

A

more depth

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24
Q

weakness of unstructured interview

A

difficult to repeat

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25
Q

weaknesses with interviews

A

participants may not be honest

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26
Q

What is a correlation?

A

measures relationship between two variables and the strength of that relationship

can be positive or negative

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27
Q

what is an aim?

A

driven by a theory to explain a given observation

28
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

makes predictions of an investigations outcome that makes reference to iv and dv

29
Q

what is a null hypothesis

A

predicts no relationship will be found

30
Q

What is random sampling

A

entire target population has an equal chance of being selected

31
Q

strengths and weaknesses of random sampling

A

eliminates sampling bias

difficult to achieve

32
Q

what is stratified sampling?

A

identifies different types of people in the target population and works out the proportions in order to be representative

33
Q

strengths and weaknesses of stratified sampling

A

representative

time consuming

34
Q

What is opportunity sampling

A

people available at the time

35
Q

strengths and weaknesses of opportunity sampling

A

quick

could be biased

36
Q

What is systematic sampling

A

every nth participant

37
Q

strengths and weaknesses of systematic sampling

A

representative

difficult to achieve

38
Q

strengths and weaknesses of volunteer sampling

A

volunteer bias

easy to achieve

39
Q

what is primary data?

A

first hand from participants, collected specifically for that price of research

40
Q

What is a pilot study?

A

small scale run of investigation

allows issues to be known

to modify design

determine number of participants needed

41
Q

Strengths of repeated measures

A

subject variables reduced

better statistical tests

fewer subjects

42
Q

weaknesses of repeated measures

A

order effects

demand characteristics

43
Q

strengths of independent measures

A

order effects reduced

demand characteristics reduced

44
Q

weaknesses of independent measures

A

worse statistical tests

more subjects

45
Q

strengths of matched pairs

A

better statistical tests

order effects reduced

demand characteristics reduced

46
Q

weaknesses of matched pairs

A

subject variables

time consuming

47
Q

what are examples of observational design

A

event sampling

behavioural categories

time sampling

48
Q

What is peer review

A

assessment of scientific work by others in the same field as you

objective

49
Q

what are the measures of central tendency

A

mean

median

mode

50
Q

what are the measures of dispersion

A

range

standard deviation

51
Q

what is the mean

A

calculated by adding up all scores and dividing by number of scores

52
Q

advantages

mean

A

takes all scores into amount so all data is represented

53
Q

disadvantages

mean

A

when there is extreme scores , anomalies will distort the mean abs make it unrepresentative

54
Q

what is the median

A

the middle value when placed in numerical order

55
Q

advantages

median

A

unaffected by extreme scores

56
Q

disadvantages

median

A

less sensitive than the mean as doesn’t take into account all of the scores

57
Q

what is the mode

A

the value that occurs most frequently

58
Q

advantage

mode

A

unaffected by anomalies

59
Q

disadvantage

mode

A

unstable if only a few scores representing each value

60
Q

what is the range

A

difference between highest and lowest score

61
Q

advantage

range

A

easy and quick to calculate

62
Q

disadvantage

range

A

vulnerable to rogue scores

63
Q

what is standard deviation?

A

average amount all scores deviate from the mean

64
Q

advantage

standard deviation

A

gives a more accurate picture than range

takes into account all scores and is sensitive

65
Q

disadvantage

standard deviation

A

vulnerable to rogue scores

AQA A-Level Psychology Year 2 (10 decks)

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