year 1 organic chemistry (alkane, alkene , alcohols ect)

Question 1

what reagents are needed to convert an alkene to an alkane

Answer 1

H2
Ni catalyst

Question 2

what is test for C=C bond

Answer 2

react with Br water, decolourises

Question 3

what happens during homolytic fission

Answer 3

the pair of electrons is split between the separated atoms when a covelant bond breaks

Question 4

what happens during heterolytic fission

Answer 4

the pair of electrons is taken by one of the atoms

Question 5

what factors affect the boiling point of alkanes

Answer 5

no. of electrons, more electrons means stronger temporary dipole

lots of branching means less surface contact therefore weaker london forces.

Question 6

what is a homologous group

Answer 6

family of molecules with same functional group but each successive member differs by CH2

Question 7

what is meant by aromatic

Answer 7

any compound containing a benzene ring

Question 8

what is meant by aliphatic

Answer 8

does not contain a benzene ring

Question 9

what is meant by alicyclic

Answer 9

contains a ring that is not benzene.

Question 10

why do alkenes exhibit stereoisomerism

Answer 10

Pie bond can’t rotate, each carbon of c=c bond has 2 different groups attached

Question 11

what reagent is needed to convert an alkene to an alcohol

Answer 11

steam (H2O)(g) and H3PO4 catalyst

Question 12

why are alcohols with long hydrocarbon tails less miscible with water

Answer 12

hydrocarbon chains can only form London forces with water. Hydrocarbon chains non polar, water is polar

Question 13

what reagents are needed to turn an alcohol to an alkene, what small product is formed

Answer 13

H2SO4 + heat
forms H2O

Question 14

what reagents are needed to turn an alcohol to a haloalkane

Answer 14

NaBr + H2SO4 —-> NaHSO4 + HBr

Br reacts with the alcohol and forms water

Question 15

what reagents are needed to convert Haloalkane to an alcohol

Answer 15

NaOH (aq)

Question 16

what can infrared spectroscopy be used for in the real world

Answer 16

monitor gases causing air pollution
breathalysers

Question 17

if each carbon of the c=c has different groups attached, what kind of sterioisomerism does it display

Answer 17

E/Z isomerism
(priority rules)

Question 18

if each carbon of the c=c has one group in common, what kind of sterioisomerism does it display

Answer 18

cis/trans

Question 19

what is the name given to polymers made from alkenes

Answer 19

addition polymers

Question 20

what conditions are needed to make addition polymers

Answer 20

heat and high pressure.

Question 21

what are the 3 properties of CFC’S

Answer 21

unreactive
volatile
non toxic

Question 22

what are structural isomers

Answer 22

same molecular formula different structual formula.

Question 23

what are some limitations of using radical substitution in organic synthesis

Answer 23

• further substitution can occur
• produces different termination products
• more than one termination step
• mixture of products is formed
• substitution can occur at different positions along the chain. (must say)

Question 24

down group 7 does the rate of hydrolysis increase or decrease and why

Answer 24

increase
down the group the bond between the carbon and the halogen becomes longer and therefore weaker and so easier to break. . bond becomes longer due to increased atomic radius.

OR

down the group bond enthalpy decreased