benzene chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what was the conflicting evidence of kekule’s model that led to the delocalised model being developed.

A

benzene does not decolourise bromine water

all c-c bonds are the same length

the enthalpy hydrogenation is less exothermic than expected (would expect triple, 3 double bonds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what word is used to identify the presence of a benzene ring if attached to a chain of 7 or more carbons. What are the 3 exceptions

A

phenyl

benzoic acid
phenylamine
belnzaldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why can cyclohexene polarise electrophiles

A

the Pie bond is localised, therefore is a region of high electron density, able to polarise electrophiles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

does benzene react by electrophilic addition + give reasons why

A

no, the electron density of the pie ring is too low to induce a dipole in electrophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

benzene can react with halogens in the presence of a catalyst, what is the catalyst, what is the equation for the formation of the electrophile Br-

A

catalyst - AlBr3 / AlCl3

AlBr3 + Br2 —> AlBr4 - + Br+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

benzene can react in a nitration reaction, what is the catalyst, write the formation of the electrophile.

A

Conc. H2SO4

HNO3 + H2SO4 —> H2O + NO2+ + HSO4 -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the catalyst for a Friedal Craft reaction - alkylation

A

AlBr3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the catalyst for a friedal craft reaction - acylation

What small end product is made

A

FeCl3

HCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

do alcohols react with bases

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

does phenol react with a strong base, if so what product does it make

A

yes, makes a salt + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why is phenol more reactive than benzene

A

the lone pair on oxygen is delocalised into the pie ring

this increases the electron density of the pie ring

able to polarise electrophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what kind of directing group is NH2

A

2,4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what kind of directing group is OH

A

2,4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what kind of directing group is NO2

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why is NO2 an electron withdrawing group

A

the nitrogen does not have a lone pair of electrons so this decreases the electron density in the pie ring making it less able to polarise electrophiles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

phenol can react with bromine without a catalyst, what are the 2 observations that will be made, what small product is produced

A

bromine water is decolourised
a white precipitate is formed
HBr forms

17
Q

apart from NO2 what other group is an electron withdrawing group

A

COOH