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Yellow Book > YB Orthopedics > Flashcards

YB Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

Nutrient responsible for providing bone strength

A

Calcium

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2
Q

What is the proper wrapping procedure utilizing an Esmarch bandage?

A

Start at the distal end of the extremity

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3
Q

Where are Baker’s cysts found?

A

Popliteal fossa

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4
Q

Benign outpouchings of synovium from intercarpal joints

A

Ganglia

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5
Q

Compression of the median nerve at the volar surface of the wrist

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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6
Q

A fixation device that provides maximum holding and rigid fixation of a fracture by tightening bone fragments together

A

Compression plate and screws

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7
Q

What structure is reamed during a total hip replacement?

A

Acetabulum

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8
Q

The ideal candidate for a non-cemented total hip arthroplasty

A

Young and healthy

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9
Q

What is an indicator for a total hip replacement?

A

Degenerative hip joint disease

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10
Q

Joint reconstruction

A

Arthroplasty

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11
Q

Can induce osteogenesis

A

Electrical stimulation

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12
Q

An infection in the bone

A

osteomyelitis

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13
Q

Procedure to stiffen or fuse a joint

A

Arthrodesis

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14
Q

A lateral curvature of the spine

A

Scoliosis

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15
Q

What are Harrington rods used to treat?

A

Scoliosis

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16
Q

Congenital deformity known as clubfoot

A

talipes varus

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17
Q

The most frequent site of cartilage tears in the knee

A

Medial meniscus

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18
Q

An abduction pillow would be used to:

A

Immobilize hip joints after hip surgery

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19
Q

A Free-Lock compression screw system is indicated for correction of what type of fracture?

A

Hip

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20
Q

Decreased bone mass

A

Osteoporosis

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21
Q

Stages of bone healing

A

Inflammatory, cellular proliferation, callus formation, ossification, remodeling

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22
Q

An olecranon fracture occurs in the:

A

Elbow

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23
Q

What are some good methods of maintaining strict asepsis within an orthopedic surgical suite

A

Ultraviolet light, laminar air flow, and space suits

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24
Q

When applying a cast:

A

The cast material is held vertically in lukewarm water until bubbles stop rising to the surface. Flat sheets are used for splints

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25
Q

Orthopedic surgery prepping:

A

is done under sterile conditions

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26
Q

What type of cast is applied to the trunk of the body to immobilize the spine?

A

Minerva jacket

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27
Q

The x-ray viewing of the progression of a procedure in real time

A

Fluoroscopy

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28
Q

Surgery on the medial malleolus would be surgery on the:

A

Tibia

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29
Q

Plaster is ready for application when:

A

air bubbles cease to rise

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30
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

When the bone bends on one side and cracks on the other; common in children’s arms rather than legs

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31
Q

Hip procedure indicated for patients with degenerative joint disease or rheumatoid arthritis

A

AO external fixation

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32
Q

What skeletal traction requires the use of sterile supplies for application of a traction appliance?

A

Crutchfield

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33
Q

Infectious musculoskeletal condition of the bone and marrow

A

Osteomyelitis

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34
Q

Complications of polymethylmethacrylate

A

Pulmonary embolus, implantation syndrome, and hypotension

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35
Q

Order of steps for screw placement

A

Drill, measure, tap, place screw

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36
Q

Indications for external fixation

A

infected joints, highly comminuted, and major alignment deficits

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37
Q

A procedure done to correct recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder that involves reattachment of the rim of the glenoid fossa

A

Bankart

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38
Q

The most commonly fractured carpal bone

A

Scaphoid

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39
Q

Compression force of the distal femur upon the tibia produces varying types of fractures to the:

A

Tibial plateau

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40
Q

Surgery the requires incision of the long extensor tendon of the interphalangeal joint of the 4 lateral toes and subsequent fusion

A

Hammer toe correction

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41
Q

The rare use of laser during orthopedic surgery may be seen in the use of the CO2 laser during a revision arthroplasty to:

A

Remove a cemented implant

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42
Q

After surgery on a shoulder, the arm may be bound against the side of the arm for:

A

Immobilization

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43
Q

The most commonly used implants in hand surgery are made of flexible:

A

Silastic

44
Q

What is placed with an inserter to occlude the femoral medullary canal?

A

Cement restrictor

45
Q

Femoral prostheses such as the Austin Moore and Thompson are used to correct what?

A

Avascular necrosis, nonunion fractures, and displaced femoral neck fractures

46
Q

Orthopedic implants are covered by all of the following rules

A

different metals should not be mixed, a template must be used for sizing, and handle as little as possible before insertion

47
Q

Galvanic corrosion is a process that occurs postoperatively because of:

A

Mixed use of metals for implants

48
Q

A bunionectomy is also known as a:

A

Hallux valgus

49
Q

A Colles’ fracture is a fracture of the:

A

Distal radius

50
Q

The Keller and McBride procedures are types of:

A

Bunionectomy procedures

51
Q

The three phases of bone healing in order

A

Inflammatory, Reparative, Remodeling

52
Q

The patella is what type of bone?

A

Sesamoid

53
Q

Polymethylmethacrylate is a type of bone cement most commonly used in what procedure?

A

Arthroplasty

54
Q

The proper position for the patient undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery is:

A

Supine position, foot of table flexed at 90 degrees

55
Q

Which saw blade is mounted along the same axis as the handle and moves back and forth?

A

Oscillating

56
Q

An orthopedic screw is the most commonly used type of orthopedic implant. What are some types of screws?

A

Cancellous, lag, and self-tapping

57
Q

What are the three main components of the knee arthroplasty

A

Femoral, tibial base plate, patella component

58
Q

Which grafts are used to replace the ACL during an ACL repair?

A

Patella tendon, cadaver, hamstring or quadriceps

59
Q

What is a Putti-Platt is used to correct?

A

Shoulder

60
Q

What connects bone to bone?

A

Ligament

61
Q

The shaft of the long bone is the ___, and the end of the long bone is the ___.

A

Diaphysis, epiphysis

62
Q

A fracture that consists of multiple bone fragments

A

Comminuted

63
Q

Bone healing is termed:

A

Osteogenesis

64
Q

A hemostatic agent used on bone

A

Bone wax

65
Q

When is a pneumatic tourniquet placed?

A

Before the patient is prepped and draped

66
Q

Equipment needed to repair a femoral neck fracture using a compression screw and sliding plate includes what?

A

Fracture table, C-arm, K-wires

67
Q

A pressurized solution of antibiotics or saline, commonly used for wound debridement and irrigation

A

Pulse lavage system

68
Q

Traction that requires surgical insertion of metal rods or pins through bone that are attached to a traction device that applies force or is attached to a weighted pulley

A

Skeletal traction

69
Q

During a procedure involving a power saw in use, the surgical technician in the scrub role should:

A

lightly apply irrigation to the blade in use

70
Q

The condition where fibrous bands cause contractures in the fingers, commonly the ring and little finger

A

Dupuytren’s

71
Q

Bone tumors

A

Ewing’s sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and chondroma

72
Q

The surgical repair of a torn tendon

A

Tenorrhaphy

73
Q

The tendon involved when there is inability to plantar flex the foot

A

Achilles tendon

74
Q

What position is the patient placed for a right total hip replacement with an anterior approach?

A

Supine

75
Q

The responsibility of the STSR when applying the cast is the keep the foot in a plantar flexed position in order to:

A

Keep stress off the new suture line

76
Q

A stellate fracture

A

When the bone breaks in a central point and radiates outward, like a cracked mirror

77
Q

Dorsal flexion is where the foot is turned ___, and plantar flexion is where the foot is turned ___.

A

Upward, downward

78
Q

When the joint is freely movable and is lined with a synovial membrane

A

Diarthrosis

79
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

The fascia cannot easily expand, causing the pressure to build up in the compartment of the limb; this causes pressure on the vessels and nerves, causing inadequate blood flow to the tissue

80
Q

When the calcaneocuboid, talonavicular, and talocalcaneal bones are fused together, the procedure to correct this is:

A

Triple arthrosis

81
Q

Subluxation

A

incomplete dislocation

82
Q

The procedure performed for a rotator cuff tear

A

acromioplasty

83
Q

All pertain to intertrochanteric fracture

A

occurs on the femur, occurs at the lesser trochanter, and repaired with the dynamic hip screw

84
Q

The bones of the palm of the hand are referred to as:

A

metacarpals

85
Q

The gastrocnemius is the chief muscle of the:

A

Calf of the leg

86
Q

In adults, red bone marrow that produces red blood cells is mainly found in which type of bone?

A

Flat and irregular

87
Q

The medial bone of the forearm, which is located on the small finger side of the hand

A

Ulna

88
Q

The bone located in the neck between the mandible and the larynx, which supports the tongue and provides attachment for some of its muscles

A

Hyoid bone

89
Q

How many bones are in the adult vertebral column?

A

26 bones

90
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

91
Q

The bone in the axial skeleton that does not articulate with any other bone

A

Hyoid

92
Q

A slender, rod-like bone that is located at the base of the neck and runs horizontally

A

Clavicle

93
Q

The upper, flaring portion of hipbone

A

ilium

94
Q

The larger, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg

A

Tibia

95
Q

The bone that fits into the acetabulum, forming a joint

A

Femur

96
Q

The infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, and supraspinatus muscles make up the:

A

rotator cuff

97
Q

The longest bone in the body

A

Femur

98
Q

A rounded protuberance found at a point of articulation with another bone

A

Condyle

99
Q

In which joint would a bucket handle tear be found?

A

Knee

100
Q

Which of the following is not a muscle classification?

A

Elastic

101
Q

What is the most commonly used donor tendon for a free flexor tendon graft?

A

Palmaris longus and plantaris tendon

102
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Hip

103
Q

An example of a saddle joint

A

Thumb joint

104
Q

A recording of the electrical activity of muscle tissue by using electrodes attached to the skin or inserted into the muscle is termed:

A

electromyography

105
Q

What type of operating room tables are commonly used for orthopedic procedures?

A

Fracture, Andrews, and Jackson table

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