Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FCMS > Yaj - Post ICA > Flashcards

Yaj - Post ICA Flashcards

1
Q

What is a functional group?

A

Connected atoms that contribute to physiochemical properties and intrinsic activity of a parent molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are functional groups categorized into?

A

Carbohydrates.
Proteins.
Lipids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functional groups in glucose?

A

Carbonyl.
Hydroxyl.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the carbonyl functional group?

A

Composed of a carbon atom that is double bonded to an oxygen atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of cabonyl?

A

Aldehyde - Glucose.
Ketone - Fructose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a hydroxyl functional group?

A

Contains an oxygen and hydrogen atom that are bonded together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Monomeric units of protein. All of them have a carboxyl group and an amino group that are bonded to the same carbon atom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The carboxyl group and amino groups participate in formation of what?

A

Peptide bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Carboxylic acids that are attached to alkyl chains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is the carbonyl group polar or non-polar, and is it hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

It is polar, and hydrophilic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is central dogma?

A

When information in genes is used to produce proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is replication?

A

Duplication of a DNA strand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does replication happen?

A

Nucleus - could also be in mitochondria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What enzyme separates/unwinds the DNA strands during replication?

A

Helicases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What protein keeps the DNA strands unwounded/separated?

A

SSB - Single Strand Binding protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What enzyme regulates the replication process?

A

DNA polymerase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a leading strand in replication?

A

Synthesized in the 5’ - 3’ direction by DNA polymerase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the lagging strand?

A

Synthesized in the 3’ - 5’ direction - discontinuously.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is the lagging strand initiated?

A

By RNA primase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is the primer of the lagging strand synthesized?

A

By enzyme primase.

21
Q

What is used as the start site for the DNA polymerase in lagging strand synthesis?

A

The primer of lagging strand.

22
Q

What are the short fragments in the lagging strand called?

A

Okazaki fragments.

23
Q

Which enzyme joins the short fragments together?

A

Enzyme ligase.

24
Q

What is a gene?

A

Sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes the synthesis of a gene product - either RNA or protein.

25
Q

What is a genome?

A

Complete set of genetic material including all sets of genes.

26
Q

What is the mitochondrial genome?

A

Less complex, circular, lacks histones, maternal inheritance.

27
Q

What is transcription?

A

The process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence. mRNA.

28
Q

What happens during initiation in transcription?

A

RNA polymerase binds to a region in the gene called a promoter.

29
Q

What is the process of initiation regulated by?

A

Proteins called transcription factors. Also by enhancer.

30
Q

What is elongation in transcription?

A

Addition of nucleotides to the mRNA strands.

31
Q

What is 5’ capping?

A

7-methylguanosine cap is added to 5’. By phosphate linkage.

32
Q

What is poly-A tail at 3’ end?

A

An enzyme called poly-A polymerase adds 200 A residues.

33
Q

What is splicing?

A

Introns are removed.
Exons are joined together.

34
Q

What is the mRNA?

A

Copy of a gene. Carries information stored in DNA from nucleus to cytoplasm.

35
Q

What is tRNA?

A

Transfer RNA. Carries amino acid elements of a protein to the appropriate place.

36
Q

What is rRNA?

A

Ribosomal RNA - sequences in mRNA so that ribosome can match with and bind to mRNA.

37
Q

What is degeneracy in terms of codons?

A

When one amino acid is encoded for by more than one codon.

38
Q

What is translation?

A

Decoding of mRNA message into a polypeptide product.

39
Q

What is reverse transcription?

A

From RNA to DNA by reverse transcriptase.

40
Q

What does adenine form bonds with?

A

Forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine and uracil.

41
Q

What does guanine form bonds with?

A

Forms three hydrogen bonds with cysteine.

42
Q

What is a transcriptome?

A

Full range of messenger RNA, or mRNA, molecules expressed by an organism.

43
Q

What is a proteome?

A

Complete set of proteins expressed by an organism.

44
Q

What are transposons?

A

Known as ‘jumping genes’ - Transposable elements.

45
Q

What are the two kinds of transposons?

A

TEs that require reverse transcription.
TEs that do not require reverse transcription.

46
Q

What are the transposons that do require reverse transposons called?

A

Retrotransposons or class 1 TEs.

47
Q

What are the transposons that do not require reverse transposons called?

A

DNA transposons or class 2 TEs.

48
Q
A

FCMS (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions