Y9 Biology Keywords

Question 1

Enzyme

Answer 1

Biological catalyst, a protein with a specific shaped active site which speeds up reactions

Question 2

Carbohydrases

Answer 2

Enzymes that break down carbohydrates (starch) into simple sugars

Question 3

Amylase

Answer 3

A carbohydrase enzyme that breaks down starch into simple sugars

Question 4

Protease

Answer 4

An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids

Question 5

Lipase

Answer 5

An enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 6

Lipids

Answer 6

Fats and oils

Question 7

Bile

Answer 7

Alkaline substance produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It neutralises stomach acid and breaks down fats into small droplets

Question 8

Emulsify

Answer 8

Breaks down into small droplets, increasing surface area for lipase

Question 9

Aorta

Answer 9

Major artery that carries OXYGENATED blood AWAY from the heart to the body cells

Question 10

Vena cava

Answer 10

Major vein that carries DEOXYGENATED blood INTO the heart

Question 11

Pulmonary artery

Answer 11

Major artery that carries DEOYGENATED blood AWAY from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen

Question 12

Pulmonary vein

Answer 12

Major vein that carries OXYGENATED blood from the lungs INTO the heart

Question 13

Valves

Answer 13

Stop blood flowing backwards

Question 14

Artery

Answer 14

Blood vessel that carries blood AWAY from the heart

Question 15

Vein

Answer 15

Blood vessel that carries blood INTO the heart

Question 16

Capillary

Answer 16

Very small blood vessels that transport blood deep into the tissues to deliver oxygen and glucose - allow for material exchange

Question 17

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

Answer 17

Layers of fatty material build up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them, reducing blood flow, which could lead to a heart attack

Question 18

Stents

Answer 18

Used to keep the coronary arteries open

Question 19

Statins

Answer 19

Drugs to reduce blood cholesterol

Question 20

Risk factor

Answer 20

Linked to an increased rate of a disease

Question 21

Benign tumour

Answer 21

Growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area - not cancerous and does not spread

Question 22

Malignant tumour

Answer 22

Cancerous tumours that invade neighbouring tissues and sprea to different parts of the body

Question 23

Cancer

Answer 23

Group of disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth with the ability to spread

Question 24

Blood

Answer 24

Consists of four components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Question 25

Alveoli

Answer 25

Many millions found in the lungs, its where gas exchange takes place. They have a large surface area.