9.2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Question 1

Name the type of blood vessel which is most likely to become obstructed by fatty deposits, leading to heart disease. (1 mark)

Answer 1

Artery

Question 2

Put the series of events leading to a heart attack in order. (2 marks)

Answer 2

E C B A D

Question 3

Name the chemical substance that is the principle cause of the fatty deposits that build up in the lead-up to heart disease. (1 mark)

Answer 3

Cholesterol

Question 4

Identify the object in Figure 1 below and explain its use in treating heart disease. (2 marks)

Answer 4

Stent
Keeps the arteries open by increasing the diameter of the lumen

Question 5

Name the group of drugs prescribed to patients at high risk of heart disease to reduce their cholesterol levels. (1 mark)

Answer 5

Statins

Question 6

CHD is a major cause of death worldwide.
Describe how CHD develops and the main causes. (4 marks)

Answer 6

-Fatty deposits build up in coronary arteries
-Causing the lumen to narrow over time
-Leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle
-High levels of cholesterol

Question 7

CHD is classed as a non-communicable disease.
Suggest what is meant by a non-communicable disease. (1 mark)

Answer 7

A disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another.

Question 8

Scientists monitored the effect of five of these drugs on one person for over 10 years, the results are shown in Figure 1 below.
Compare the effectiveness of the treatments in reducing the risk of CHD. (4 marks)

Answer 8

-Neither A or B is effective because HDL levels dropped
-A+B together is effective because HDL levels went up
-C+D together is not effective because HDL levels dropped
-D alone is the most effective treatment
-C alone is unkown from data given

Question 9

Statins are a commonly prescribed drug which can reduce an individual’s risk of developing CHD.
Discuss the use of statins to prevent CHD. (4 marks)

Answer 9

Positives
-Statins decrease levels of LDL (‘bad’ cholesterol)
-reduced cholesterol levels leads to reduced rate of fatty deposits
Negatives
-Has to be remembered to be taken regularly, long term, in order to stay effective
-Statins can have side effects like muscle and kidney problems

Question 10

Figure 1 shows the difference between a normal heart valve and a diseased heart valve when open and closed.
Explain why a severely diseased heart valve can cause problems and how it can be corrected. (6 marks)

Answer 10

Problems:
-Restricts bloodflow
-Blood flows in both directions instead of just forward
-Does not close properly, becomes leaky
-Prevents blood from circulating effectively
Corrections:
-Replace the valve
-With either a biological valve (human/pig) or mechanical valve (man-made)