9.2 CHD + CHD TREATMENTS

Question 1

What is CHD and example of?

Answer 1

CVD - Cardiovasular disease

Question 2

What is a cardiovascular disease?

Answer 2

Disease affecting the heart and blood vessels

Question 3

What causes a heart attack to occur?

Answer 3

-Build up of fatty plaques in the coronary artery
-Coronary artery becomes blocked or partially blocked
-Blood supply to heart is cut off
-The heart muscle does not recieve the oxygen and glucose needed for respiration to take place
-Heart muscle cannot continue to contract
-Heart attack occurs

Question 4

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 4

a non communicable disease: does not spread, caused by pathogen

Question 5

Risk factors causing CHD

Answer 5

-overeating
-under exercising
-smoking
-alcohol
-high BP/cholesterol

Question 6

How does CHD occur?

Answer 6

Build up of fatty deposits on coronay artery walls/ high levels of cholesterol

Question 7

What does the build up of fatty deposits do?

Answer 7

Narrows the lumen

Question 8

Effects of a narrow lumen:

Answer 8

Causes the coronary artery to become blocked and it cannot stretch (loses its elasticity) to accomodate blood pressure/flow being passed through it.
This leads to lack of blood flow leaing to lack of oxygen for the heart muscle

Question 9

2 ways CHD can be treated

Answer 9

Stents and Statins

Question 10

What are statins?

Answer 10

Drugs which recude levels of fatty deposits in blood

Question 11

Positives/benefits of statins

Answer 11

-reduces levels of ‘bad’ cholesterol (LDL)
-increases levels of ‘good’ cholesterol (HDL)
-it is better than other invasive procedures

Question 12

Negatives/risks of statins

Answer 12

-must be remembered to be taken regulary, long term, in order to stay effective
-if not taken continuously then efficiency is reduced
-has side effects, like muscle pain
-effects are not instant

Question 13

What is a stent?

Answer 13

A tube which widens the lumen, allowing the coronary artery to be kept open.

Question 14

Positives/benefits of stents

Answer 14

-effectively reduces risk of heart attack
-has a quick recovery

Question 15

Negatives/risks of stents

Answer 15

-risk of blood clotting (thrombosis) meaning tablets need to be taken to thin out the blood
-infection risk

Question 16

Evaluate 2 methods of treating CHD (6 marks)

Answer 16

Components:
1 mark: what is a statin? drug
1 mark: what is a stent? tube
1 mark: benefit of a statin e.g Does not include an invasive procedure
1 mark: benefit of a stent e.g Quick recovery
1 mark: risk of a statin - e.g Has to be taken continuously in order to stay effective
1 mark: risk of a stent - e.g Blood clotting meaning tablets needed to be taken to thin out blood

Question 17

What are effects of a narrow lumen:

Answer 17

Cannot stretch to accomodate bloodflow, this leads to lack of bloodflow leading to lack of oxygen for the heart.

Question 18

What is the cause of CHD?

Answer 18

high levels of cholesterol