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Yr 9 Biology - ORGANISATION 10.2 > 9.2 HEART AND BLOOD > Flashcards

9.2 HEART AND BLOOD Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the circulatory system made up of?

A

heart
blood
blood vessels

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2
Q

Name the missing label

A

Aorta

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3
Q

Name the missing label

A

Vena Cava

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4
Q

Name the missing label

A

Right Atrium

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5
Q

Blood moves around the body in three types of blood vessel:

A

Capillaries
Arteries
Veins

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6
Q

How is the structure of the arteries related to its function?

A

Thick muscles walls:
makes them strong and able to cope with the high pressure at which blood is pumped out by the heart.
Elastic fibres:
Allows them to stretch and spring back (recoil)

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7
Q

How is the structure of the veins related to its function?

A

Thinner walls that in arteries:
Blood is lower pressure
Wider lumen than arteries:
So many RBCs can flow at once
Valves:
To prevent the backflow of blood

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8
Q

How is the structure of the capillaries related to its function?

A

Thin walls:
So exchange of food, oxygen and waste can occur
No strong walls:
As blood pressure is low

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9
Q

What is the heart

A

A muscular organ that pumps blood around the body.

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10
Q

What structure prevents the backflow of blood between the chambers of the hearts?

A

Valves

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11
Q

What does a group of cells in the right atrium act as?

A

a pacemaker

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12
Q

What does a pacemaker do?

A

Controls the timing of the heart beat

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13
Q

What do valves do?

A

Prevents blood from flowing backwards

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14
Q

Where is backflow a problem?

A

In the veins

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15
Q

Function of the arteries

A

Transport blood away from the heart to the organs. They all carry oxygenated (contains oxygen) blood (apart from the pulmonary artery).

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16
Q

What would happen if capillaries had thicker walls and lower surface areas?

A

Food, oxygen would diffuse slower into cells and waste products would diffuse more slowly into the blood.

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17
Q

How have artery walls adapted to their function?

A

Thick layers made of muscle to make them strong and able to cope with the high pressure at which blood is pumped out by the heart.
Elastic fibres, allowing them to stretch and spring back.

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18
Q

Function of the capillaries:

A

Exchange food and oxygen from the blood into cells.
Exchange of waste products, such as carbon dioxide, out of the cells and into the blood.
The wall is only one cell thick – this reduces the diffusion distance for oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the tissues of the body

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19
Q

Function of the veins:

A

Transport deoygenated (contains no oxygen) blood (apart from the pulmonary vein) from the organs back to the heart

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20
Q

Veins usually carry DEOXYGENATED blood into the heart.
Which vein is the exception?

A

Pulmonary Vein

21
Q

Arteries usually carry OXYGENATED blood away from the heart.
Which artery is the exception?

A

Pulmonary Artery

22
Q

What does pulmonary mean?

A

Anything related to the lungs.
Pulmonary Vein: Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulmonary Artery: Transports deoygenated blood from he heart to the lungs.

23
Q

What branches into smaller vessels called capillaries?

A

Arteries

24
Q

How do veins differ from arteries?

A

Carry deoxygenatedblood
Have valves
Have a low blood pressure
Have a wide cross section

25
Q

Why may someone be fitted with an artificial pacemaker?

A

They may have an irregular heart beat which can be corected by electrical devices, artificial pacemakers.

26
Q

Where does blood enter from?

A

Via the atria

27
Q

Does the atria contract?

A

Yes

28
Q

What happens when the ventricles contract?

A

Blood is forced the exit the heart

29
Q

When does the atria contract and then where does it go?

A

When filled with blood the atria contract and forces blood down into the ventricles.

30
Q

What do the coronary arteries do?

A

Supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.

31
Q

What is blood?

A

A tissue made up of similar cells

32
Q

What are the 4 main components of the blood?

A

Red blood cells
WHite blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

33
Q

Blood’s journey:

A

aorta —> body cells —> vena cava —> right atrium —> right ventricle —> pulmonary artery —> lungs —> pulmonary vein —> left atrium —> left ventricle —> back to aorta

34
Q

vena cava

A

Major vein that carries deoxygenated blood into the heart

35
Q

pulmonary artery

A

Major artery that carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen

36
Q

aorta

A

Major artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to body cells

37
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Major vein that carries oxygenated blood into the heart from the lungs

38
Q

Veins carry blood ____ the heart

A

into

39
Q

Arteries carry blood ____ the heart

A

away from

40
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

2 circuits joined together

41
Q

the right side of the heart is usually depicted as having…

A

deoxygenated blood

42
Q

the left side of the heart is usually depicted as having…

A

oxygenated blood

43
Q

What does plasma also carry apart from cells?

A

Carbon dioxide, glucose, hormones

44
Q

Function of the red blood cells:

A

carry oxygen from the lungs to all around the body

45
Q

What shape are red blood cells?

A

Biconcave disk

46
Q

How does the red blood cell’s characteristics help with it’s function?

A

Large surface area and biconcave shape allows for absorbing oxygen
No nucleus allows them to carry more oxygen

47
Q

Funtion of the white blood cell:

A

Defend against infection

48
Q

How can WBC defend against infection?

A

Some can change shape to goble up unwelcome microorganisms, this process is called phagocytosis.
While others produce antibodies to fight microorganisms and antitoxins to neutralise any toxins produced by them.

49
Q

Do WBC have a nucleus?

A

Yes, unlike red blood cells

Yr 9 Biology - ORGANISATION 10.2 (8 decks)

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