Y2-08 Gynaecology Flashcards
 what is a regular menstrual cycle 
Having the same length of time between menses
If you have a menses every 15 days every cycle is that considered regular
Yes. Although not ideal for other reasons still classed as regular
Name four things that are needed to be considered a regular menses
1.Had same time. Between each mense
2. Controlled consistent flow
3. Asymptomatic!!!!! (Most important)
4, clear and concise start and stop.
If a woman says everything else about her period is good but she gets killer PMS what question do you ask her next?
Ask when does the PMS come and how does it manifest. Because that PMS is a symptom of an imbalance
What day is considered day one in Menses cycle
First day of red bleeding
What if the period starts slowly with brown spotting? Is this classified as day one(new cycle) ?
No. It is not classified as a new cycle until it turns red
What if the period comes at 2 PM is that day one?
 no. The next day is day one. if it comes at 10 AM then that’s day one
What other things do we need to pay attention to when it comes to you menses 
Colour and temperature
Oestrogen and pro oestrogen are low to enable the uterine lining to shed during which days of the cycle
Between days 1 to 5
What does the pituitary gland(yintang) Start to produce and why?
It starts to produce FSH and LH to stimulate growth of the new follicles 
What is FSH and LH? And when does the pituitary gland start to produce it?
FSH= follicle stimulating hormone
LH = luteinizing hormone 
This happens around day five
What do the follicles become?
The follicles become eggs and there’s approximately between 3 and 30 eggs
When does oestrogen start to rise again and why?
Oestrogen starts to rise on day 7.
one of the follicles evolves and start to produce oestrogen and that stimulates your uterine lining and makes fertile mucus and thickens up again
What days are continuing high oestrogen activity on the pituitary gland to stimulate it to produce a surge of LH and what does this do?
Days 12 to 13 and it matures the dominant follicle
What happens on days 15 to 25
Corpus luteum forms from the empty follicle and produces progesterone
What does the Progesterone do then?
It stimulates the endometrium to secrete nutrients inhibits the pituitary gland from producing more FSH/LH it stops the process and switch and turns into the next stage which is ovulation( the egg is released)
What happens after ovulation?
After ovulation the egg pops out of the follicle and that follicle forms the corpus luteum which literally means yellow body
What does the corpus luteum produce
Progesterone which stops all the rest of your follicles to continue to grow and stimulates the endometrium to produce nutrients
Day 25 to 28 corpus luteum dies causing what to drop
Progesterone and oestrogen
What happens when the progesterone and oestrogen drop in levels
This causes the endometrium to disintegrate and the period starts. And then pituitary gland is stimulated to produce FSH and LH to start to ripen the next batch of follicles
What is considered a regular cycle
Between 27 and 34 days
How long is the luteal phase
Should always be day 10 to 16 days long to be considered fertile
What does prolong spotting mean during the luteal phase
Progesterone deficiency progesterone should maintain the endometrium lining until just a couple of days before
What does prolong follicular phase indicate
It indicates oestrogen/ FSH deficiency
