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Repetition Memory Cards > Y1 Gastroenteritis Organisms and Treatment > Flashcards

Y1 Gastroenteritis Organisms and Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of:

Mild spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

A

Co-trimoxazole

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2
Q

Treatment of:

Severe spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

A

Tazobactam & Piperacillin

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3
Q

Treatment of:

Peritonitis: biliary tract / intra-abdominal

A

IV Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Gentamicin

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4
Q

What is the Sepsis 6 Bundle?

A

BUFALO

Bloods                           (take)
Urine hourly output      (take)
Fluids                             (give)
Antibiotics                     (give)
Lactate                           (take)
Oxygen                          (give)
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5
Q

Treatment of:

C. Diff

A

Metronidazole or Vancomycin

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6
Q

Treatment of:

Campylobacter

A

Clarithromycin

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7
Q

Treatment of:

Salmonella

A

Ciprofloxacin

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8
Q

Treatment of:

Shigella

A

Ciprofloxacin

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9
Q

Causes bloody diarrhoea (acute colitis)

A

Campylobacter, Shigella, E.coli 0157, amoebiasis

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10
Q

Have pre-formed toxins

A

Staph aureus, Bacillus cereus, Cl. Perfringes, E.coli 0157

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11
Q

Detection via:

Microscopy

A

Parasites

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12
Q

Detection via:

ODG

A

Giardia (green stools)

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13
Q

Detection via:

Culture

A

Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Cholerae

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14
Q

Detection via:

Toxin

A

C. Diff & E.coli

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15
Q

Detection via:

PCR

A

Norovirus & Rotavirus

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16
Q

Has a short incubation time of 1-6hrs

A

Staph aureus / Bacillus Cereus

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17
Q

Has a medium incubation time of 12-48hrs

A

Salmonella / Clostridium Perfringes

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18
Q

Has a long incubation time of 2-14 days

A

E.coli 0157

Campylobacter (cause you’d go camping for a long time to make it worthwhile)

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19
Q

The 4 C’s of C. Diff

A 
Cephalosporins
		Clindamycin
		Ciprofloxacin (quinolones)
		Co-amoxiclav
The 5th C = Clarithromycin 
(i know, its stupid when it's called the 4 C's)
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20
Q

Food poisoning from:

Re-heated rice

A

Bacillus Cereus (sounds like cer-rice)

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21
Q

Food poisoning from:

Whipped Cream

A

Staph aureus

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22
Q

What is gastroenteritis and what is the consequence regarding absorption?

A

Inflammation of stomach and small intestine

Limits absorption of nutrients and water

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23
Q

Acute enteritis often presents with fever, diarrhoea, vomiting and abdo pain. Is the diarrhoea usually bloody?

A

No

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24
Q

Acute colitis often presents with fever, diarrhoea and abdo pain. Is the diarrhoea usually bloody?

25
Q

Which out of bacteria, viruses and parasites is the most common cause of gastroenteritis?

26
Q

Which antibiotic is commonly used for non-severe C. diff?

A

Oral Metronidazole

27
Q

Which antibiotic is used for severe C. diff?

A

Oral vancomycin

never IV

28
Q

What is meant by antimicrobial stewardship?

A

Prescribing optimum dosage and duration of antimicrobial treatment that results in best clinical outcome, prevention of infection and minimal resistance

29
Q

Who is most at risk of complications from E. coli 0157 infection?

A

Children and Elderly

30
Q

Which antibiotic is used for amoeba and giardia infections?

A

Metronidazole

31
Q

How is rotavirus spread?

A

Faeco-oral

32
Q

How is norovirus spread?

A

Faeco-oral and droplets

33
Q

Which type of culture - urine, stool or blood - is key to diagnosing typhoid?

34
Q

What is first line treatment for gastroenteritis?

A

Oral rehydration or IV fluids

35
Q

Describe the nature of vomiting that comes with norovirus

A

Explosive and sudden
Lead to environmental contamination
(yum…)

36
Q

Which stool investigation is appropriate for Giardia, Amoebas and parasitic infections?

A

Stool microscopy

37
Q

Which stool investigation is appropriate for Clostridium Difficile and E. coli 0157?

A

Stool Toxin

38
Q

What is the name of the toxin produced by E. coli 0157?

A

Verotoxin (VTEC)

39
Q

Name the 4 main stool investigations for infectious organisms, from most used to least

A

Stool culture
Stool microscopy
Stool toxin
Stool PCR

40
Q

Which antibiotic is used for first recurrence of C. diff infection?

A

Fidaxomycin

41
Q

What is the incubation period for Campylobacter and E. coli 0157?

A

Long

2-14 days

42
Q

Which organism is the most common cause of traveller’s diarrhoea?

A

E.coli 0157

43
Q

What is meant by toxin-mediated food poisoning?

A

Toxin has been preformed by the bacteria on the host before ingestion of food, leading to acute symptoms once the food has been eaten

44
Q

Which organism is the commonest cause of food poisoning?

A

Campylobacter

45
Q

Define SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome)

A

More than 2 of:
Temperature <36 or >38
RR over 20
WCC less than 4k or over 12k

46
Q

Which foods does Campylobacter mainly colonise?

A

Poultry
Raw milk
Poor food preparaiton

47
Q

What are the main organisms that cause bloody diarrhoea?

A

Campylobacter
Shigella
E. coli 0157
Amoebas

48
Q

Which foods does E. coli 0157 colonise?

A

Beef
Raw milk, water
Wide variety really

49
Q

Which foods does Salmonella mainly colonise?

A

Poultry
Raw egg
Meat, animal guts

50
Q

What is the commonest cause of viral diarrhoea in kids under 3 years old?

51
Q

Which virus is known as the winter vomiting bug?

52
Q

What is the incubation period for bacillus cereus and staph aureus?

A

Short

1-6hrs

53
Q

Typhoid is an enteric fever like illness caused by which organism?

A

Salmonella

54
Q

Which organisms are more likely to cause outbreaks of food poisoning?

A

Salmonella and E.coli 0157

55
Q

Define sepsis

A

SIRS + suspected/confirmed underlying infectious process

56
Q

Which 3 markers assess the severity of C. difficile infection?

A

Suspicion of pseudomembranous colitis/toxic megacolon/ileus
WCC greater than 15
High creatinine

57
Q

What is the incubation period for Salmonella and Cl. perfringens?

A

Medium

12-48hrs

58
Q

Which syndrome can result due to verotoxin?

A

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Repetition Memory Cards (6 decks)

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