Y1 FoCM revison

Question 1

What is JVP?

Answer 1

is a way to measure the pressure in the right atrium, which is central venous pressure.

Question 2

if the pressure in right Atrium is higher…?

Answer 2

the JVP will be higher

Question 3

What causes higher pressure in the right atrium?

Answer 3

1-HF
2-Fluid overload
3-contrictive pericarditis
4-cardiac tamponae: which is compression on the heart by: 1- trauma 2-chronic percarditis.
(needle in the heart= pericardiocentesis)

Question 4

What causes higher pressure in the right atrium?

Answer 4

1-HF
2-Fluid overload
3-contrictive pericarditis
4-cardiac tamponade: which is compression on the heart by: 1- trauma 2-chronic pericarditis.
(needle in the heart= pericardiocentesis)

Question 5

How to assess JVP?

Answer 5

by looking at the right internal jugular vein. The right jugular vein is found between the medial clavicle and earlobe, and under Sternocleidomastoid muscle. and then measuring the angle of JVP to sternal angle.

Question 6

what is unique about JVP?

Answer 6

1- 2 pulses per heart beat (flicker)
2-JVP is not palpable
3- disappears when pt breath in

Question 7

What is the normal range for JVP?

Answer 7

Normal = less than 3 cm
abnormal= above 3cm

Question 8

How to examine the pericardium (CV)?

Answer 8

1-Inspection: Scars, chest abnormality (kyphoscoliosis and pectus excavatum)

2-Palpation: tracheal position, cardiac pacemaker, apex beat, heaves, thrills

3-Ascultation: HS (S1 = mitral& tricuspid valves close (systole),S2= aortic & pulmonary valve closes (diastole)), Added sounds (S3= heard in diastole, S4= heard in systole), murmurs, radiation, diastolic murmurs.

Question 9

General observation of CV?

Answer 9

SCOP
S: Shortness of breath
C: Cyanosis
O:Odema
P: Pallor (pale)

Question 10

Peripheral examination of CV?

Answer 10

1-tar staining
2-warmth of hands
.3-peripheral cyanosis

4-finger clubbing
5-splinter haemorrhages in the nails
6-CAPILLARY REFIL: press for 5 seconds, 2s.

7-tremor fine
8-Radial pulse
9- IV tracks

Question 11

CV head examination?

Answer 11

1-Malar flush on the face
2-Anaemia
3-assess the tongue and ,mouth for central cyanosis.

Question 12

what do you need to check for bed-bound pt?

Answer 12

Sacral oedema

Question 13

Lower limb CV examination

Answer 13

1-Pitting Oedema

2-cold feet, pulses

3-Vericose veins

Question 14

how to preform BP?

Answer 14

knowit?!

Question 15

Examination of peripheral pulses CV?

Answer 15

1-radia pulse
2-radial-radial pulse
3-brachial pulse
4-carotid pulse
5-femoral pulse 
6- femoral-radial pulse
7- popliteal pulse
8-posterior tibial pulse
9-dorsalis pedis pulse
10- carotid bruits (over carotid, and femoral a.)
11-Abdominal aortic aneurysm.