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Y2-GI > Physiology - grand tour of alimentary canal > Flashcards

Physiology - grand tour of alimentary canal Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of the digestive system

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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2
Q

Oesophagus function

A

Connects mouth and stomach

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3
Q

Stomach function (4)

A
  1. Digest proteins;
  2. Food reduced to liquid form;
  3. storage;
  4. sterilisation
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4
Q

Pancreas function

A

Contains digestive enzymes for digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins

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5
Q

Liver function

A

Contains bile salts for digesting/absorbing fats in small intestine

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6
Q

Gallbladder function

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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7
Q

Small intestine function

A

Final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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8
Q

Large intestine function

A

Water absorption, bacterial fermentation and formation of faeces

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9
Q

Alimentary canal is a continuous … tube of varying …

A

Hollow tube of varying diameter

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10
Q

Oesophagus to rectum length

A

8m

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11
Q

4 distinctive layers of the alimentary tube wall (inside to outside)

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/adventitia

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12
Q

3 layers that make up the mucosa

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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13
Q

What kind of epithelium does the mouth, oesophagus and anal canal have

A

Stratified squamous

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14
Q

What kind of epithelium does the stomach, small and large intestine have

A

Simple columnar

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15
Q

Functions of the epithelium (of mucosa)

A

Synthesises and secretes digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus
Absorbs products of digestion

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16
Q

Epithelium changes along alimentary canal because…

A

It’s adapting for function

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17
Q

Lamina propria made up of…

A

Loose connective tissue (glands, blood/lymph vessels)

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18
Q

Muscularis mucosae made up of…

A

Thin smooth muscle layer

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19
Q

Submucosa made of what kind of tissue

A

Thick, irregular connective tissue

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20
Q

What does the submucosa contain

A

Neurones, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

21
Q

Where in the alimentary tube are submucosal glands found

A

Oesophagus and duodenum

22
Q

What is the serosa/adventitia

A

Connective tissue layer of alimentary canal

23
Q

How is the serosa/adventitia (outer layer) differentiated

A

Serosa is inside peritoneal cavity
Adventitia is outside peritoneal cavity

24
Q

Adventitia function (outside peritoneal cavity)

A

Adventitia attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures

25
Q

Serosa function (inside peritoneal cavity)

A

Serosa surrounds stomach, small intestine and large intestine

26
Q

What is the muscularis externa

A

Two concentric thick layers of smooth muscle

27
Q

What type of muscle makes the inner layer of muscularis externa and what is its function to the lumen

A

Circular muscle (to constrict lumen)

28
Q

What type of muscle makes the outer layer of muscularis externa and what is its function to the tube

A

Longitudinal muscle (shortens tube)

29
Q

Muscularis externa produces motility which helps with

A

Peristalsis
Segmentation

30
Q

What plexus is located between the circular and longitudinal muscle

A

Myenteric (Auerbach’s)

31
Q

Submucosal + myenteric plexuses=

A

Enteric nervous sytem (ENS)

32
Q

Autonomic control of alimentary function

A

Long (parasympathetic) and short (enteric nervous system) reflexes

33
Q

Parasympathetic control of alimentary function is via what nerve + what exception

A 
Vagus nerve (X) 
Except salivation which is controlled via facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX)) nerves
34
Q

Effect of parasympathetic nervous system on secretion and motility

A

Stimulatory so increases secretion + motility

35
Q

Effect of sympathetic nervous system on secretion and motility + what exception

A 
Inhibitory so decreases secretion + motility 
Except salivation (doesn't inhibit salivation)
36
Q

Sympathetic control of alimentary function is via what kind of nerves

A 
Splanchnic nerves (nerves that innervate organs, they arise from thoracic, lumbar or sacral parts of spinal cord) 
-carry visceral efferent fibres to the organs
37
Q

Arterial supply to the stomach, small intestine, pancreas and liver is via … which originates from the …

A

Celiac trunk from descending abdominal aorta

38
Q

Arterial supply to the stomach, small intestine, caecum ascending colon and transverse colon is via … which originates from the …

A

Superior mesenteric artery from descending abdominal aorta

39
Q

Arterial supply to the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum is via … which originates from the …

A

Inferior mesenteric artery from descending abdominal aorta

40
Q

Celiac trunk supplies what part of gut + what other abdo organs (4)

A

Abdominal part of oesophagus to proximal half duodenum

Liver, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

41
Q

Superior mesenteric artery supplies…

A

distal half duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon

42
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery supplies…

A

distal 1/3 transverse colon to rectum

43
Q

Blood from stomach drains into what veins…

A

Gastric veins

44
Q

Blood from pancreas drains into what vein…

A

Splenic vein

45
Q

Blood from Small intestine, Caecum, Ascending colon, Transverse colon drains into what vein…

A

Superior mesenteric vein

46
Q

Blood from Descending colon, Sigmoid colon and Rectum drains into what vein…

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

47
Q

All of these veins (gastric, splenic, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric) drain into what vein…

A

Hepatic portal vein

48
Q

Hepatic portal vein drains into what vein…

A

Hepatic vein

49
Q

Hepatic vein drains into what vein…

A

IVC

Y2-GI (8 decks)

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