Anatomy Overview 1 + 2 Flashcards
Anatomy (organs) of GI tract
(mouth), oesophagus, stomach, small + large intestine, anus
Oesophagus is what kind of tube
Muscular
How many constrictions does the oesophagus have + their names
3 - cervical, thoracic diaphragmatic
5 parts of the stomach (learn on diagram as well)
Cardia, fundus, body, antrum and pylorus
Pyloric Sphincter (part of stomach) function
Controls discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum
Stomach disease 3 examples
Congenital pyloric stenosis – Thickening of smooth muscle in the pylorus
Carcinoma (cancer) of the stomach
Gastric ulcers & Vagotomy
Foregut blood supply
Coeliac trunk
Origin of foregut blood supply (celiac trunk)
Abdominal aorta T12
Midgut consists of…
Distal half duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon
What is the duodenum (+ describe its length and diameter)
Shortest, widest and most fixed part of the small intestine
First part of small intestine
Accessory organs of GI tract
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Liver surface anatomy position
Lies deep to ribs 7-11 on right side
Biliary ducts carry bile from what organ to what
Liver to gallbladder
Pancreas is a digestive…
Gland
Spleen location (quadrant)
Left hypochondrium
Hepatic artery supplies what organs
Liver and gallbladder
What part of small intestine is the jejunum
Middle segment between duodenum and ileum
Celiac trunk (supplies foregut) branches into what 3 arteries
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Jejunum v ileum wall
Jejunum - heavy and thick
Ileum - light and thin
Jejunum v ileum vascularity
Jejunum has greater vascularity
Jejunum v ileum vasa recta
Jejunum has longer vasa recta
Jejunum v ileum loops
Jejunum has a few large loops
Ileum has many short loops
Jejunum v ileum lymphoid nodules
Ileum has more
Jejunum v ileum fat in mesentery
Ileum has more fat
Blood supply to midgut
Superior mesenteric artery
Origin of midgut blood supply (superior mesenteric artery)
Branch of abdominal aorta at L1
Superior mesenteric artery is crossed anteriorly by what 2 things
Splenic vein and neck of pancreas
Name 4 branches of superior mesenteric artery (supplies midgut)
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Jejunal and ileal arteries
Middle and Right Colic artery
Ileocolic artery
Hindgut consists of…
Distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper part of anal canal
Blood supply to hindgut
Inferior mesenteric artery
Large distinguished from small intestine by what 3 things
Omental appendices
Haustra or sacculations
Teniae coli
Origin of hindgut blood supply (inferior mesenteric artery)
Anterior branch of abdominal aorta at L3
3 major branches of inferior mesenteric artery (supplies hindgut)
Left colic artery
Sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery
Parasympathetic innervation of abdominal organs
CN X
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
Sympathetic innervation of abdominal organs
T5-L2/L3 (abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves)
Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
Abdominal aortic plexus
What vein takes part in venous drainage of the abdominal part of GI tract
Portal vein
Portal vein function
Collects poorly oxygenated but nutrient rich blood from the abdominal part of GI tract and carries it to liver
What duct drains lymph from from GI tract/abdomen
Thoracic duct
3 terminal groups of the lumbar nodes
Pre-aortic (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes)
Lateral aortic
Retro-aortic
What does the pre-aortic group (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes) of lumbar nodes drain
Drains organs supplied by the anterior branches of aorta, i.e. everything supplied by coeliac trunk, SMA and IMA
Difference between abdominal and peritoneal cavity
Abdominal cavity contains organs, peritoneal contains liquid
What is the peritoneum
A thin serious membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
What type of epithelium is the peritoneum and how many layer of cells is it
Single cell squamous epithelial layer
Difference between parietal and visceral peritoneum
Parietal lines the abdominal wall and visceral lines the organs
Abdominal aorta level
T12 - L4
How may abdominal organs be peritonised
intraperitoneal/ on a mesentery
or retroperitoneal
What does ‘on a mesentery’ mean and would the organ be mobile or not
Means the organ is attached to the posterior abdominal wall indirectly via the mesentery (folded peritoneum)
Organ is mobile
What does an organ being retroperitoneal mean and would the organ be mobile or not
It’s fixed to the posterior abdominal wall, immobile
Covered by peritoneum anteriorly
Examples of retroperitoneal organs (11) (‘SAD PUCKOR’)
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands Abdo aorta Duodenum (2nd-4th part) Pancreas (except tail) Ureters Colon (ascending/descending) Kidneys Oesophagus Rectum
IVC
Bladder
Examples of intraperitoneal organs (8)
Stomach, spleen, liver, 1st part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon
What are omenta
Double folds of peritoneum passing from the STOMACH to connect to other organs or the body wall
What are ligaments in the abdominal context
Varied double layers of peritoneum which span between organs and organs or body wall
How do peritonised organs get blood supply
Arterial branches travel between mesenteries or omenta to get to the organ
What is the flap of tissue called that connects the anterior surface of liver to the anterior abdominal wall and divides the liver into left and right lobes
Falciform ligament
What are the greater and lesser sacs linked by
Epiploic foramen
Portal triad consists of…
Hepatic artery
Portal vien
Bile duct
Pancreas is retroperitoneal except which part
Colon has intra (2) and retroperitoneal (2) parts - which is which
Duodenum has intra (1) and retroperitoneal (3) parts - which is which
Tail
Ascending/descending colon - retroperitoneal
Transverse/sigmoid - intraperitoneal
1st part duodenum - intraperitoneal
2nd-4th parts duodenum - retroperitoneal
The free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver is known as the + what is this a remnant of embryologically
ligament teres (round ligament) Umbilical vein
