XXX urinary system lect BAD

Question 1

most common disease relate to what 2 main functions of the lower urinary tract

Answer 1

 urination
 keep pathogens out (incl. vesicoureteral valve)

Question 2

lower urinary tract components

Answer 2

 Ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 3

Disruption of urination main causes

Answer 3

 Obstruction
 Upstream dilation

Question 4

causes of obstruction in the lower urinary tract

Answer 4

 UROLITHIASIS
 Congenital/developmental anomalies
> Aplasia/agenesis
> Hypoplasia
> Ectopia
 Inflammation
 Neoplasia

Question 5

causes of upstream dilation for the lower urinary tract

Answer 5

 Hydrourethra
 Bladder distension/rupture (also can be neuroparalytic)
 Hydroureter
 Hydronephrosis

Question 6

common and uncommon uroliths in the dog

Answer 6

COMMON:
- struvite
- oxalate
- purines
<><>
UNCOMMON
- Silica
- Cystine
- Calcium phosphate

Question 7

common and uncommon uroliths in the cat

Answer 7

COMMON:
- struvite
- oxalate
<><>
UNCOMMON
- Urate
- Cystine

Question 8

common and uncommon uroliths in the cow

Answer 8

COMMON:
- silica
- struvite
- carbonate
<><>
UNCOMMON
- Xanthene

Question 9

common and uncommon uroliths in the sheep

Answer 9

COMMON:
- silica
- struvite
- oxalate
- “clover stones”
- carbonate
<><>
UNCOMMON
- Xanthene

Question 10

common and uncommon uroliths in the horse

Answer 10

COMMON: carbonate

Question 11

common and uncommon uroliths in the pig

Answer 11

UNCOMMON: urate

Question 12

urolithiasis predisposing factors

Answer 12

 High levels of calculogenic material
 Urine pH
 Reduced water intake
<><><><>
 Infection
 Obstruction
 Structural abnormalities
 Foreign material (suture, bacterial colonies, exfoliated cells)

Question 13

Struvite uroliths
- made of what?
- sex predilection, cause
- character
- solubility
-