XVI Secolo (1500-1600) Flashcards
16th century is…
reform and counter reform
Erasmus of Rotterdam - 1467-1536
Humanist, Catholic–critiqued Luther, wanted reform, not revolution, was not a Enlightenment thinker! - - • la critica alla scolastica
• la rivalutazione degli studi scritturistici
• il lancio della teologia positiva
Thomas de Vio, Gardinal Gaetano 1468-1534
Very influential, read Aquinas in very Aristotelian light, even in places where Aquinas departed from Aquinas—Problematic theology: infant baptism without parental consent, theory on babies that die without baptism
“Controversial Theology”
Public disputes with Protestant theologians, the beginning of demenstratio catholica and the writing of de locis, formed the core of Fundamental Theology. At times a bit overly polemic with harsh titles.
Prepared a German version of the Bible to fight Protestantism
John Eck (1486-1542)
Started out sympathetic with Luther, then became a fiery antagonist
200 works against Protestantism, often very polemic
Commantaria de actis et scriptis Martini Lutheri (1549)
John Cochleus (1479-1572)
John Fisher (1489-1535)
English, bishop of Rochester, decapitated by King’s order
The School of Salamanca
- Dominican Spaniards, three of which are most important
Francisco de Victoria, Domingo de Soto (1495-1560), Melchor Cano
Reversion to Scholastic Aristotelian-Thomistic theology to give a strong response to Protestantism
The School of Salamanca
De Locis Theologicis–nucleus of Fundamental Theology; expounds on where the Church gets theological premises (not Sola Scriptura)
7 Proper sources
2 Fundamental: Scripture, Traditon
5 Declaired: Catholic Church, Councils, Pope, Fathers, Scholastics
3 Auxiliary sources: Reason, Philosophy and legal thought, History
Melchor Cano
…held that outside the state of grace, every action was a sin; no virtue, even natural, was achievable by someone out of grace…. Left seeds in Louvain for Jansenism
Michael Baio (Michael Le Bay)
Controversy De Auxiliis
Debate on the relationship between free will and grace
Dominicans: emphasized grace - Banez
Jesuits: emphasized freedom - Molina
Gregorio XIII (1572-1585)
reform of calendar (Protestants don’t accept until 1800s)
Favorisce il Collegio Romano, che più avanti si chiamerà Università Gregoriana in onore di
questo papa.
Gregorio XIII (1572-1585)
4 founders
1534: gesuiti (sant’Ignazio di Loyola), 1546: oratoriani (san Filippo Neri), 1562: carmelitane/i scalze/i (santa Teresa d’Ávila e san Giovanni della Croce)
