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NBCE Part II/III > Xray: Mensuration Lines, Angles, > Flashcards

Xray: Mensuration Lines, Angles, Flashcards

1
Q

Basilar Angle

A

> 152 = platybasia / basilar impression

norm: 123-152
aka Welcker’s or Martins’s BA

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2
Q

McGregor’s Line

A

BEST LINE for basilar impression / invagination
(Pagets, osteomal, FD)

Odontoid is >8mm above in Males OR
Odontoid is >10mm above in Females

aka Basal Line

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3
Q

Chamberlain’s Line

A

Basilar impression if >7mm above line
(Pagets, osteomal, FD)

aka Palato-occipital

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4
Q

Macrae’s Line

A

Basilar Impression if occiput above line

aka Foramen Magnum Line

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5
Q

Atlantodental Interspace (ADI)

A

> 3mm in adults
5mm in children
Transverse ligament rupture or instability –> Downs, Inflammatory Arthritis

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6
Q

George’s Line

A

antero / retro listhesis
subluxation

posterior bodies

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7
Q

Posterior Cervical Line

A

antero / retro listhesis
subluxation

spinolaminar junction

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8
Q

Stress Lines of Cervical Spine

A

Flexion C5/C6
Extension C4/C5

aka Ruth Jackson’s lines
DDD, muscle spasm, joint fixation

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9
Q

Prevertebral Soft Tissues

A

PLT sandwich 7,14,21
R-pharyngeal: >7mm (C2-C4)
R-laryngeal: >14mm (C5)
R-tracheal: >22mm (C6-7)

Tumor, mass, hematoma

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10
Q

Cobb’s Angle

A

BEST for scoliosis

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11
Q

Risser Ferguson

A

Scoliosis

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12
Q

Sacral Inclination

A

Norm: 30-72
Avg: 46

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13
Q

Ferguson’s Angle

A

Sacral Base Angle // Lumbosacral Angle

Norm: 26-57
AVG: 41!!!

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14
Q

Meyerdings Grading Line

A

Spondylo grading

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15
Q

Ullmann’s Line

A

L5 should be posterior or just at perpendicular line….IF L5 body crosses the line = ANTEROlisthesis
aka Garland Thomas

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16
Q

Garland Thomas Line

A

Spondylo

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17
Q

Einstein’s Line

A

Measures >15mm…

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18
Q

Canal / Body Ratio

A

Canal Stenosis

Higher the ratio, smaller the canal

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19
Q

Lumbosacral Disc Angle

A

Lines are drawn parallel and through the INFERIOR END PLATE OF L5 AND SUPERIOR ENDPLATE OF S1
Normal = 10-15

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20
Q

Lumbar Gravity Line

A

Ferguson’s Line
Hyper / Hypo Lordosis

Norm: line intersects sacral base (S1)
Ant to Sacrum = HYPERlordosis
Post to Sacrum = HYPOlordosis

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21
Q

Macnab’s Line

A

Line intersects SAP (superior articular processes) =

Facet Imbrication
…facet arthrosis

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22
Q

Hadley’s S Curve

A

Should like like an S, if not =
Facet Imbrication
…facet arthrosis

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23
Q

Kohler’s Line

A

Protrusio Acetabuli

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24
Q

Shenton’s Line

A

Should be smooth

SCFE - dislocation / fx/ dysplasia

aka Menard’s or Makka

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25
Q

Iliofemoral Line

A

SCFE - dislocation / fx / dysplasia

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26
Q

Femoral Angle

A

aka MIKULICZ’S ANGLE
Norm: 120-130
130+ - Coxa VALGA
120- - Coxa vara

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27
Q

Skinner’s Line

A

Line is drawn thorugh and parallel to the femoral shaft. A perpendicular line is drawn tangenital to the tip of the GT
Fovea capitus below line = fx or coxa vara

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28
Q

Klein’s Line

A

BEST FOR SCFE!!!

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29
Q

PATELLAR POSITION

A

tendon length is 20% greater than the patellar length = patella alta

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30
Q

Heel Pad Measurement

A

Distance >25mm male, >23mm female

Acromegaly…“increased Heel Pad”

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31
Q

Boehler’s Angle

A

Norm: 28-40 degree angle

> 40 degree = fx with calcaneous dysplasia or fx

32
Q

Sella Turcica size

A
  • Seen on lateral skull
  • Normal:
    AP: 5-16 (11mm avg);
    Vert: 4-12 (8mm avg)

** enlarged = neoplasm, aneurysm, empty sella syndrome

33
Q

Digastric Line

A

aka Biventer Line

Line - C2: 1-21mm (11avg)
Line - C1/Co: 4-20 (4avg)

Measurements decrease with platybasia (Pagets, osteomal, FD)

34
Q

Sagittal Dimension of Cervical Canal

A

C1: 22mm
C2: 20mm
C3: 18mm
C4-C7: 17mm

Pavlov’s ratio –

35
Q

Cervical Gravity Line

A

Line should pass through C7 body (from apex of odontoid)

– assesses gravitational stress at cervicothoracic junction

36
Q

Cervical Lordosis

A 
Depths of C Curve
Method of Jochumsen
Angle of C curve
Method of Gore
Method of Drexier
37
Q

Thoracic Cage Dimension

A

aka Straight Back Syndrome Eval

Males: 11-18cm (14)
Females: 9-15cm (12)

Less in either of those categories = SBS…check heart for murmurs

38
Q

Lumbar Lordosis

A

50-60 degrees normal

39
Q

Van Akkerveeken’s Measurment of Lumbar Instability

40
Q

Intercrestal Line

A

Norm: line intersects bottom L4 body / disc = most stable

Helps to indicate where the most biomechanical stress is coming from

L4/5 Degen: HIGH line, long L5 TP, rudimentary rib, transitional vertebra

L5/S1 Degen: Line through L5 body, short L5 TP, no rud rib, no trans vert

41
Q

Center Edge Angle

A

aka CE angle of Wiberg

Norm: 20-40 deg (36avg)

shallow angle = acetabular dysplasia –> DJD

42
Q

Radioulnar Variance

A

Norm: 2 lines should be aligned

Difference of 5mm = significant

Negative UV = Keinbock’s (AVN of lunate)
Positive UV = stress on the ulna

43
Q

72in FFD

A

Fullspine
Chest: PA + Lat
Cervicals: neut + F/E + obl + lat

44
Q

Tube Tilt

A

Cervicals
Butt
Extremities

45
Q

Cervicals w/ TT

A

AO: 15 caud
PO: 15 ceph
AP: 15 ceph
Pillar: 35 ceph

46
Q

Butt w/ TT

A

Sacral Base Tilt / Lumb Spot AP: 20-25 ceph
AP sacrum: 15 ceph
AP coccyx: 10 caud

47
Q

Extremities w/ TT

A

AP knee: 5 ceph
Sunrise: 10 ceph
AP/OB foot: 10 ceph
Apical Lordotic: 30 ceph

48
Q

akas for FFD

49
Q

Lateral Skull View

A

Sella Turcica

50
Q

PA Caldwell Projection

A

Frontal Sinus

51
Q

AP Towne’s View

A

Foramen Magnum

52
Q

Water’s View

A

Maxillary Sinus

53
Q

Best to view a Jefferson’s Burst FX

54
Q

Cervical Obliques help to view

A

Motive IFV’s

55
Q

Evaluate ADI

A

Cervical flexion

56
Q

Cervical Pillar View

A

articular processes and apophyseal joints

pillar = uncinates

57
Q

Swimmer’s View

A

Cervico Thoracic Junction

PP: standing, lateral position with arm closest to the bucky raised overhead; other arm hangs at patient’s side

58
Q

Which views have specific breathing instructions? What are the instructions?

A

PA Chest + Lat Chest + Apical Lordotic
Deep breath in and hold
**72” FFD

59
Q

Apical Lordotic View

A

Pancoast tumor

60
Q

Lateral Lumbar

A

IVF’s of Lumbars

61
Q

Ferguson’s Projection

A

aka L5/S1 spot
aka Sacral Base Tilt

TT 25 cephalic

62
Q

Lumbar Obliques

A

Motive is PARS!!!

63
Q

To visualize the SI joint, what is the best TT?

A

30 cephalic

AP angulated SI Joints View

64
Q

AC Jt w/ and w/o weights

A

AC joint

TT 5 cephalad

65
Q

AP shoulder w/ EXT ROT

A

Greater Tub

66
Q

AP shoulder w/ INT ROT

A

Lesser Tub

67
Q

What makes up an elbow series?

A

AP
Medial (Int) Oblique
Lateral

68
Q

AP Elbow PP

A

Seated
Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist against table
SUPINATED hand

69
Q

Med Oblique Elbow PP

A

Seated
Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist against table
PRONATED hand

70
Q

Lateral Elbow PP

A

Seated
Elbow FLEXED
Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist against table
PRONATED hand w/ thumb pointing towards tube

71
Q

PA wrist PP

A

Seated
elbow + wrist against table
PRONATED hand w/ fingers curled in fist

72
Q

PA Ulnar Deviation View

A

Scaphoid + Lunate

73
Q

AP Pelvis PP

A

Standigng w/ feet turned in 15 degrees

74
Q

Tunnel Projection View

A

Intercondylar Fossa

TT: 45 caudal
PP: prone w/ knee flexed to 45

75
Q

Tangenital (Sunrise) View

A

Patella + Patellofemoral Jt Space

76
Q

Medial Oblique Ankle PP

A

Supine
Leg extended
Ankle 90 dorsiflexion
Foot turned IN 5

77
Q

Cathode consists of:

A

Large Filament
Small Filament
Focusing Cup

NBCE Part II/III (6 decks)

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