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NBCE Part II/III > Associated Clinical Sciences IG > Flashcards

Associated Clinical Sciences IG Flashcards

1
Q

Infection of the fallopian tubes causing inflammation

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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2
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is most commonly caused by

A

Gonorrhea and Chlamydia

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3
Q

Gonorrhea facts

A
  • Gram NEG Diplococcus
  • Chocolate agar plate
  • Green discharge
  • MC joint affect = KNEE

“Its negative to have Gonorrhea”

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4
Q

Causative organism for Reiter’s Disease

A

Chlamydia

** men asymptomatic; women PID / infertility **

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5
Q

Syphilis facts

A
  • organism: Treponema Pallidum
  • placenta transmission
  • Hutchinson’s Triad
  • 3 stages
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6
Q

What is Hutchinson’s Triad and what is it associated with?

A

Syphilis

1) Interstitial Keratitis
2) Notched Permanent Incisors
3) CN VIII deafness

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7
Q

What are the 3 stages of Syphilis?

A

1: Hard, pain-less chancre
2: Maculopapular rash, Condylomata LATA, alopecia
3: Tabes dorsalis (posterior columns = slappage gate); Aortic Valve affected

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8
Q

Trichimoniasis

A

Green/yellow, frothy, foul smelling discharge

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9
Q

Moniliasis

A

aka Candidiasis

  • white cottage cheese
  • thrush
  • fungus/yeast
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10
Q

Lymphogranuloma Venereum

A
  • organism: Chlamydia
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11
Q

Granuloma Inguinale

A

Red, beefy lesions

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12
Q

Genital Herpes

A
  • organism: Virus HSV-2
  • VESICLES around MOUTH
  • stress or decreased immunity can cause eruption
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13
Q

Genital Warts

A

aka: Condylomata ACCUMINATA !!!!

  • organism: HPV (human papilloma virus)
  • cauliflower erosions
  • linked to cervical cancer
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14
Q

Chancroid

A
  • organism: Hemophilus Ducreyi
  • PAINFUL: du-CRY and soft
  • Frei Test!
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15
Q

AIDS

A
  • organism: HIV (retrovirus)
  • cause opportunistic infections (pneumocystis carinii)
  • Lab tests:
    1. ELISA - screening test (RNA)
    2. Western Blot - most accurate (proteins)
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16
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Dome shaped, pearly white papule

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17
Q

Nodule

A

> 0.5cm = hard, raised lesion

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18
Q

Bulla

A

> 0.5cm = fluid filled lesion –> Phemphigus (blister)

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19
Q

Leukoplakia

A

precancerous lesion

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20
Q

Acne Rosacea

A

exacerbated by sunlight, caffeine, alcohol on face

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21
Q

Acne Vulgaris

A

sebaceous glands - black/white heads (comedones)

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22
Q

Actinic Lentigo

A

sun spot / liver spot

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23
Q

Aphthous Stomatitis

A

ulcer in mouth

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24
Q

Carbuncle

A

carload of furuncles (staf infection)

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25
Q

Comedone

A

closed = white head; open = black head

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26
Q

Epidermal Cyst

A

non tender, epidermal cyst/sack

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27
Q

Erysipelas

A
  • organism: Beta Hemolytic STREP
  • red fiery, advancing lesion
  • elevated ASO titer
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28
Q

Erythema Nodosum

A
  • strep association

- bilateral red tender nodules (usually lower extremities)

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29
Q

Excoriation

A

surface skin injury

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30
Q

Fungal / Mycotic Infections

A

DX: Woods lamp + Tinea = Fungus

  • corpus = body
  • pedis = athletes foot
  • cruris = jock itch
  • capitus = scalp
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31
Q

Tinea Versicolor

A

multiple hypo-pigmented, painless lesions that wont tan

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32
Q

Furuncle

A

staph infected hair follicle

** man shaving his face **

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33
Q

Herpes Simplex

A
  • HSV infection
  • small vesicles “cold sores” on the MOUTH or genitals
  • reactivated during delivery
  • Tzank Test
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34
Q

Herpes Zoster

A

aka Shingles

  • location - DRG (dorsal root ganglion)
  • blister like lesions that follow the dermatome and NEVER cross midline
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35
Q

Ichthyosis

A

aka Fish Skin

  • increased keratinization
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36
Q

Impetigo

A
  • crusty lesions on corner of mouth
  • children
  • staph or STREP
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37
Q

Intertrigo

A

red areas caused by: Moisture, Friction, Warmth

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38
Q

Keloid

A

scar

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39
Q

Lichenification

A

Rough and Thick skin due to CHRONIC DERMATITIS (constantly scratching)

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40
Q

Lichen Planus

A

SCALES and whitish lines or puncta

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41
Q

Nummular Eczema

A

coin shaped rash

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42
Q

Paronychia

A

red inflammation around nail bed

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43
Q

Pediculosis

A

Lice

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44
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris

A
  • life threatening

- multiple bulla blisters all over skin

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45
Q

Pityriasis Rosea

A
  • herald patch
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46
Q

Psoriasis

A

red amarynth flakey lesions

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47
Q

Scabies

A
  • caused by mites
  • grouped vesicles
  • line furrows

** guy scratching himself **

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48
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Dandruff / Cradle Cap (newborns)

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49
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives / Wheals all over body

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50
Q

Vitiligo

A

autoimmune depigmentation AFTER development!!

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51
Q

Albinism

A

depigmentation at BIRTH

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52
Q

Yeast Infections

A

Candida Albicans

Oral = thrush (1st sign of HIV patient)

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53
Q

Basal Cell skin cx

A

MC skin cx

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54
Q

Squamous Cell skin cx

A

irregular and flaky (malignant)

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55
Q

Melanoma

A

most invasive; multicolored (changes colors)

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56
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

flakey, scaley lesion; precursor to squamos cell carcinoma

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57
Q

Antisocial PD

A

acts out conflict WITHOUT REMORSE

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58
Q

Compulsive PD

A

act of doing SOMETHING to relieve the stress; ritualistic

ex: handwashing

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59
Q

Histrionic PD

A

aka Hysterical

Attention seeking

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60
Q

Narcissism PD

A

regards no one else as important except self

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61
Q

Paranoid PD

A

unfounded beliefs that others want to harm him

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62
Q

Passive Aggressive PD

A

argumentative

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63
Q

Schizoid

A
  • Introverted & Withdrawn
  • Emotionally distant + avoids social interaction
  • Delusions + hallucinations = schizophrenia
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64
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

unconscious strategies utilized to cope with reality

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65
Q

Denial

A

MC in alcoholics

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66
Q

Projection

A

act of assigning a feeling or belief to another person, group, or to the outside world

ex: blaming someone else for past failure

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67
Q

Rationalization

A

make excuses; justifying their behavior

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68
Q

Reaction Formation

A

exaggerated form of an opposite behavior

ex: gay guy goes to anti-gay rally

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69
Q

Regression

A

response to stress is to act immature

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70
Q

Repression

A

exclude from consciousness

ex: childabuse

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71
Q

Transference

A

redirecting ones feelings (good or bad) from past from one person to another

ex: you remind me of my son, so I will treat you better

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72
Q

Sublimation

A

channeling negative energy into something acceptable

ex: imagining dustin’s face on the punching bag and kicking it

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73
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A
  • Anxiety
  • Panic Disorder (repeated anxiety attacks)
  • Obsessive Compulsive (obsessive = thoughts; compulsive = ritualistic action)
  • Phobic
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74
Q

Somatization Disorder

A
  • Chronic, cyclic multiple somatic complaints not due to a physical illness
  • Patient seeks treatment and changes life
  • More concerned with discomfort than disease
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75
Q

Hypochondriasis

A
  • belief / fear of a non-existent disease
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76
Q

Conversion Hysteria

A

aka Conversion Reaction !!!!

  • psychological conflict causes physical dysfunction
  • rapidly appears after trauma
  • involuntary

ex: paralysis, deafness post abuse

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77
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

Patient UNable to admit she is exaggerating; eating disorder

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78
Q

Affective Disorder

A

mood fluctuations

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79
Q

Alcoholism

A

delirium tremens + folate deficiency

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80
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

amenorrhea

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81
Q

Bipolar Affective Disorder

A

aka Manic Depressive

  • manic 1st, then depression phase
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82
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

binge then purge

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83
Q

Catatonia

A

muscle inhibition

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84
Q

Dysthymic Disorder

A

mild chronic depression

“cloud over their head”

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85
Q

Hallucinations

A

perception issue

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86
Q

Involutional Melancholia

A

depression associated with menopause

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87
Q

Schizophrenia

A

delusions + hallucinations

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88
Q

Transvestite

A

cross dressing

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89
Q

Aversion

A

treatment for alcoholics by associating drinking with unpleasant consequences

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90
Q

Beck Test

A

aka Beck Depression Inventory

measures severity of depression

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91
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Pavlov’s Dogs – salivation association

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92
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Skinner – positive / negative consequences reinforce action

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93
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

a person’s action increases the action

ex: picking up a crying baby

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94
Q

Flooding

A

showing them something repeatedly to treat phobias

ex: afraid of clowns

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95
Q

Mini Mental State Exame MMSE

A

aka Folstein Test

  • test for cognitive impairment
  • dementia screening
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96
Q

Modeling

A

imitation

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97
Q

Rorschach Test

A

inkblot images

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98
Q

Stanford Binet Test

A

IQ test

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99
Q

Wechsler Scale

A

IQ test

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100
Q

Freud

A

Dream analysis as a route to the unconscious mind

ID = basic instincts 
EGO = reality / control
SUPEREGO = guilt / consciousness
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101
Q

Jung

A

collective unconscious of man

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102
Q

Maslow

A

Hierarch of human needs

5 levels with the highest being self actualization

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103
Q

Pavlov

A

Classical Conditioning

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104
Q

Skinner

A

Operant Conditioning

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105
Q

Acetaminophen

A

liver damage - hepatotoxic

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106
Q

Activated Charcoal

A

Absorbent;

Binds poison and prevents absorption by the GI tract

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107
Q

Acyclovir

A

Herpes

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108
Q

Aflatoxins

A

Aspergillus

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109
Q

Allopurinol

A

decreases xanthine oxidase activity; treats chronic gout

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110
Q

Aluminum toxitity

A

kidney / lung issues

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111
Q

Amphetamine

A

treat ADHD

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112
Q

Arsenic

A

odor of garlic

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113
Q

Barbiturates

A

sleeping pills –> respiratory depression

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114
Q

Benzodiazepine

A

muscle relaxant

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115
Q

Beta Blockers

A

treats hypertension and arrhythmias

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116
Q

Beta 2 Adrenergic Drug

A

treats asthma

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117
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

cherry red lips

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118
Q

Carbon tetrachloride

A

sweet smell formerly used in fire extinguishers

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119
Q

Chloral Hydrate

A

short term insomnia treatment

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120
Q

Chloroform

A

analgesic; toxic

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121
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

treat schizophrenia

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122
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitor

A

increases ACh effectiveness

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123
Q

Cocaine

A

narcotic

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124
Q

colchicine

A

treat acute symptomatic gout!

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125
Q

Cyanide

A

affects CNS and heart

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126
Q

Dicumerol

A

anticoagulant medication

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127
Q

Digitalis

A

increase cardiac contractility

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128
Q

EDTA

A

remove lead from blood chelation therapy

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129
Q

Emetic

A

makes you vomit

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130
Q

Epinephrine

A

treats anaphylactic shock

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131
Q

Feldene

A

treats arthritis RA / OA

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132
Q

Gastric lavage

A

stomach pump

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133
Q

Haldol

A

treats psychotic disorders + Tourette’s

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134
Q

Hallucinogenic drugs

A

mushrooms + nutmeg

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135
Q

Lead poisoning

A

blue gums; basophilic stippling of the RBCs

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136
Q

Lithium

A

treat bipolar disorder

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137
Q

Lye

A

strong alkaloid; chemical in soaps and cleaners

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138
Q

Mercury Toxicity

A

S/S: peripheral neuropathies, brain damage, kidney and lung problems

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139
Q

Methanol

A

Wood alcohol; CNS depressant

140
Q

Nitroglycerine

A

Treats angina in people with coronary artery disease

141
Q

Norvase

A

Calcium channel blocker to treat hypertension

142
Q

Phenaphen

A

treats pain but NOT inflammation

143
Q

NSAID

A

non steroid anti inflammatory

144
Q

Prozac

A

treats depression

145
Q

Reserpine

A

antipsychotic and anti-hypertensive drug

146
Q

Salicylates

A

Aspirin – blood thinners…can result in deafness, bleeding, and Reye’s Syndrome!!

147
Q

Seconal

A

barbiturate that is a depressant

148
Q

SSRI

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor – treats depression

149
Q

Strychnine

A

pesticide

150
Q

Syrup of Ipecac

A

Causes vomiting

“Syrup of Ipe-YAK”

151
Q

Tranquilizers

A

predisposes elderly to falls

152
Q

Tricyclic

A

Anti-depressant….reuptake inhibitor

153
Q

Warfarin / Coumadin

A

anti-coagulant – can cause internal bleeding

DO NOT GIVE TO SOMEONE WHO IS DEF IN VIT K

154
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

chronic respiratory disease

155
Q

Asbestosis

A

leads to mesothelioma

156
Q

Siderosis

A

iron dust

157
Q

Anthracosis

A

coal dust

158
Q

Byssinosis

A

cotton dust (textile workers)

159
Q

Silicosis

A

glass / sand / stone

pottery…granite counter tops

160
Q

Alpha Fetoprotein

A

measured in pregnant moms
INCREASE = neural tube defects
DECREASED = downs syndrome

161
Q

Amenorrhea

A

no menses when it is expected

Correlates with lactation

162
Q

Amniocentesis

A

done for fetal health

163
Q

Breast Milk

A

deficient in Vit D + Iron

164
Q

Colostrum

A

first breast milk

165
Q

Dilation of cervix

A

1st stage of labor

166
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

painful menses..Causes:
Primary - increased prostaglandin
Secondary - pathology (endometriosis)

167
Q

Dystocia

A

abnormal, painful or prolonged labor

168
Q

Effacement

A

thinning of cervix

169
Q

Engagment

A

decent of the fetal skull to the level of the ischial spines

170
Q

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

A

excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

171
Q

Laparoscopy

A

MC procedure for endometriosis

172
Q

Lightening

A

baby drops into pelvis 2 weeks before delivery and causes abdominal pain

173
Q

Linea nigra

A

dark streak down midline of tummy during pregnancy

174
Q

Lochia

A

vaginal discharge after delivery

Red –> Yellow –> White

175
Q

Mittelschmerz

A

pain in abdomen during OVULATION

176
Q

Multiparous

A

more than one delivery of viable infant

177
Q

Nulliparous

A

Never given girth to a viable infant

178
Q

Primpara

A

first pregnancy with a viable infant

179
Q

Post partum infection

A

most commonly from Csection - MC complication of childbirth

180
Q

Puerperium

A

period of time after the delivery of the placenta to the complete involution of the organs; infection during this time is referred to as PUERPERAL SEPSIS

181
Q

Quickening

A

1st perception by the mother of fetal life

182
Q

Station

A

ID’s the fetal position (cm) in relation to the spines of the ischium

183
Q

Pregnancy Signs

A

Menses 3 weeks late and presence of fetal heartbeat (best)!!!

184
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

Bluish discoloration of the vagina

185
Q

Goodell’s sign

A

softening of the tip of the cervix

186
Q

Hegar’s sign

A

softening of the isthmus of the uterus

187
Q

Piskacek’s sign

A

enlargement of the uterus near the uterine tube over the site of implantation

188
Q

Atonic uterus

A

MC reason for post partum hemorrhage

189
Q

Braxton Hick’s

A

Early uterine contractions (oxytocin) w/o cervical changes

190
Q

Cervix

A

MC malignancy of the female genital tract

191
Q

Chloasma / Melasma

A

brown hyper pigmentation of the face/mask of pregnancy

192
Q

Choriocarcinoma

A

placenta malignancy due to abnormal epithelium

193
Q

Cystocele

A

herniation of the urinary bladder into the vagina

194
Q

Eclampsia

A

toxemia of pregnancy caused by hypertension leading to convulsions and death

195
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

the fertilized egg most commonly implants in one of the fallopian tubes. Symptoms:

  • vaginal bleeding
  • lower abdominal pain
  • cramping on one side of the pelvis
196
Q

Endometriosis

A

abnormal endometrial tissue outside teh uterus…can lead to infertility

197
Q

Endometritis

A

MC type of post partum infection

198
Q

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

A

small, palpable, tender, bilateral nodules

worse with ovulation and caffeine intake!!

199
Q

Hydatidiform Mole

A

benign tissue in placenta…may become malignant…high HCG

200
Q

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

A

hormonal imbalance causes numerous cysts

201
Q

Pre-eclampsia

A 
toxemia of pregnancy; HEP:
Hypertension 
Edema
Proteinuria 
....basically nephrotic syndrome during pregnancy
202
Q

Rectocele

A

herniation of the rectum into the vagina

203
Q

FSH

A

maturation of follicle

204
Q

HCG

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
promotes corpus leuteum health
pregnancy test

205
Q

LH

A

ovulation

206
Q

Oxytocin

A

uterine contractions + milk let down (ejection)

207
Q

Prolactin

A

milk production

208
Q

Labor Stages

A

1: Dilation = contraction –> full dilation; longest stage
- – Bloody Show = release of mucous plug during the FIRST stage of labor
2: Expulsion: full dilation to baby delivery
3: Placental Delivery: baby delivery to placenta delivery (most dangerous to mom)
4: Stabilization: uterus expels any remains

209
Q

Praevia

A

low lying placenta with partial internal os obstruction

210
Q

Abruptio

A

Normally placed placenta, detatches from site

211
Q

Accreta

A

Placenta does not separate after delivery (most detrimental to mom)

212
Q

Battledore Placenta

A

umbilical cord attached at margin of placenta…insignificant

213
Q

Pap Smear Classification

A 
I Normal
II Atypical / Benign
III Dysplasia / Pre-canc
IV In Situ / Non-invasive Carcinoma
V Malignancy / Invasive
214
Q

First teeth

A

6-8 months

215
Q

First food

A

6 months

216
Q

Crawling

A

9 months

217
Q

Assisted Walking

A

10-14 months

218
Q

Unassisted Walking

A

12-18 months

219
Q

Talking

A

10-15 words at 18 months

220
Q

Umbilical Cord falls off

A

post 7-10 days

221
Q

Posterior fontanelle closes at

A

3 months

222
Q

Anterior fontanelle closes at

A

2 years

223
Q

Depressed fontanelle

A

Dehydration

224
Q

Bulging fontanelle

A

intracranial pressure (crying a lot)

225
Q

APGAR

A 
Appearance: color
Pulse: heart rate
Grimace: muscle tone
Activity: reflex
Respiration:

NEVER BIRTHWEIGHT

1min, 5 min

226
Q

Lanugo

A

fuzzy hair on baby skin

227
Q

Meconium

A

1st poop

228
Q

Mongolian spots

A

bluish, ill defined areas of skin in the butt/scrotum area

229
Q

Premature Infant

A

born 26th-37th week

230
Q

Vernix Caseosa

A

white cheesy subsnatce on baby’s skin at birth

231
Q

Asperger’s

A

mild autism

232
Q

Botulism

A

honey, corn syrup, molassess food poisoning in newborn

233
Q

Caput Succedeum

A

baby’s head is unusual shape…insignfiicant

234
Q

Enuresis

A

bedwetting (adjust sacrum, 2,3,4)

235
Q

Cradle Cap

A

baby acne (seborrheic dermatitis)

236
Q

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

A

hemolytic anemia in fetus by transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies to fetal RBCs
Ex: mom rh-, dad rh+

237
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

delayed growth, microcephaly retardation

238
Q

Kwashiokor

A

protein malnutrition (ascites)…big belly

239
Q

Leukemia

A

MC cancer in kids and in downs syndrome

240
Q

Marasmus

A

general malnutrition (super skinny)

241
Q

Miliaria

A

prickly heat

242
Q

PKU = phenylketonuria

A

genetic disorder which creates the enzyme phenlalanine nonfunctional

243
Q

Prolapsed cord

A

fetal suffocation

244
Q

Vitamin K in newborns

A

prevents hemorrhage

245
Q

Rubella

A

aka German Measles

  • 3 days
  • rash + mild fever
  • most dangerous to fetus in 1st trimester = birth defects
246
Q

Rubeola

A
  • 2 weeks
  • rash + fever
  • KOPLIC SPOTS + runny nose (coryza) = prodromal stage
  • bronchopneumonia
247
Q

Chicken Pox

A

vesicles

herpes virus

248
Q

Mumps

A

parotid gland infection –> orchitis

249
Q

Croup

A

barking cough…worst at night

250
Q

Pertussis

A

aka Whooping Cough

  • Bordetella Pertussis
  • Most dangerous to infants under 1 year and fatalities are due to bronchopneumonia
  • Signs: cough + inspiratory whoop + vomiting
251
Q

Diphtheria

A

gray pseudomembrane on throat

Schick Test

252
Q

Scarlet Fever

A

Group A Strep Pyogenes
Strawberry Tongue
ASO titer

253
Q

Roseola Infantum

A

-

254
Q

Rooting Reflex

A
  • most basic primitive reflex

- stroking corner of mouth – food

255
Q

Sucking Reflex

A

stimulates oxytocin release

256
Q

Tonic Neck Reflex

A

aka Fencer’s

Doctor rotates head of a supine baby and the ipsilateral arm and leg extended while the contralateral arm and leg flex

257
Q

Moro Reflex

A

aka Startle Reflex

Flaring of extremities with stimulation of sound

258
Q

Landau reflex

A
  • starts at 3 months

- baby raises head

259
Q

Perez Reflex

A

finger down spine = body extends

260
Q

Gallant Reflex

A

while running finger down the ipsilateral paraspinal muscles, the baby will contract to that side

261
Q

DJD

A

MC geriatric NEUROMUSCULAR complaint

262
Q

Arcus Senilis

A

grayish opaque ring around cornea

263
Q

Presbyopia

A

hardening of lens
MC visual complain 40+
cannot see close

264
Q

Presbycussis

A

inability to hear high frequencies

265
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

MC geriatric ENDOCRINE complaint / malfunction

266
Q

Iron Deficient Anemia

A

MC anemia in geriatrics

267
Q

Decubitus Ulcer

A

bed sore that requires PROTEIN for healing

MC over the sacrum

268
Q

MC fx bone in elderly

A

Hip

269
Q

MC visual problem in the elderly causing blindness

A

Macular Degeneration

** careful of the wording..

270
Q

Alzhiemers

A

MC type of dementia

271
Q

Ageism

A

Discriminatory treatment of the elderly

272
Q

Tonometer

A

glaucoma test (for increases intraocular pressure)

273
Q

PET

A

measure blood volume and metabolism

274
Q

Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Alcohol abuse

B1 (thiamine) deficiency

275
Q

Epispadia

A

urethra opening on top

276
Q

Hypospadia

A

urethra opening on bottom

277
Q

Paraphimosis

A

foreskin entrapped behind glans penis – improper circumcision – ER

278
Q

Priapism

A

painfully erect penis

279
Q

Fistuala

A

abnormal passage between 2 organs

280
Q

Fissure

A

small tear in mucosa that lines the anus

281
Q

Abscess

A

collection of pus that accumulated in tissue

282
Q

Abandonment

A

transfer of a patient to another doctor without the patients consent

283
Q

Assault

A

threat of violence = VERBAL

284
Q

Battery

A

adjusting without consent = PHYSICAL

285
Q

Binding Arbitration

A

dispute that is resolved by an unbiased third party and has no appeal process

286
Q

Civil court

A

malpractice cases held

287
Q

Defmation of Character

A

Libel, slandar, etc

288
Q

Employers must pay:

A

Workers comp, FICA, and SS for employees

289
Q

Expressed Consent

A

procedure is explained, understands and agrees

290
Q

Good Samaritan Law

A

good faith tendering of care at an emergency isnt liable for civil damages

291
Q

Implied Consent

A

patient is unable to communicate their consent, but life saving interventions are required

292
Q

Libel

A

false statement in WRITING that harms another

293
Q

Malpractice

A

professional negligence

294
Q

Negligence

A

failure to conform to standard of care

295
Q

Plaintiff

A

where burden of proof lies in a court of law

296
Q

Respondent Superior

A

Employee is responsible for actions of employees

297
Q

Slander

A

false VERBAL statement that harms another

298
Q

Standards of Care

A

“best practice”…formal diagnostic and treatment process

299
Q

Substandard Care

A

when doctor fails to meet standard of care, and treatment / surgery occur

300
Q

Statue of Limitation

A

length of time you have to sue for an injury

301
Q

Third Party Consent

A

patient is mentally incapable of understanding procedure or ramifications so consent is given or withheld on their behalf by a legal designate

302
Q

Tort

A

injured person receives compensation from person whom caused them injury

303
Q

Vicarious Liability

A

responsibility is imposed upon one person for failure of another in the case of a special relationship (parent:child or employer:employee)

304
Q

Adult Vital Signs 12+

A

Pulse: 60-100
BP: 90-140(s)/60-90(d)
Resp: 12-20 b/min

305
Q

Children Vital Signs 1-12

A

Pulse: 80-100
BP: 80-110(s)
Resp: 15-30 b/min

306
Q

Infant Vital Signs

A

Pulse: 100-140
BP: 70-95(s)
Resp: 25-50 b/min

307
Q

Newborn Vital Signs

A

Pulse: 120-160
BP: >60(s)
Resp: 40-60 b/min

308
Q

Conscious Choking: Child + Adult

A
  1. Encourage coughing
  2. No cough - give FIVE back blows between shoulder blades
  3. Give FIVE abdominal thrusts
309
Q

Conscious Choking: Infant

A
  1. place infant face down along forearm
  2. give 5 back blows
  3. turn infant face up
  4. give 5 chest thrusts (below nipple line)
310
Q

Unconscious Choking: Child + Adult

A
  1. Rise and tilt the head to prepare for ventilation

2. 30 chest compressions – 100 per minute(2in depth)

311
Q

Unconscious Choking: Infant

A
  1. Fix head

2. 30 chest compressions (1.5in depth)

312
Q

Finger Sweep

A

only performed:

  • unconscious
  • can see foregin matter
313
Q

CPR

A 
C = Circulation...check pulse at carotid artery
A = Airway....make sure its clear
B = Breathing....tilt head, pinch nose, allow lung relaxation between breathes
314
Q

Artificial Ventilation Rates

A

Adult 12 (1/5sec)
Child 20
Infant 20
Newborn 30-60 (1/1-2s)

315
Q

ADULT CPR

A

Hand: above sternum 2 hands
Depth: 2in
Cycles: 30:2 (1 or 2 rescuers)
Rate: 100/min

316
Q

CHILD CPR

A 
Hand: center of chest
Depth: 2in
Cycles: 30:2 --> 1 rescuer
              15:2 --> 2 rescuers
Rate: 100/min
317
Q

iNFANT CPR

A 
Hand: two or three fingers on the center of the chest JUST BELOW THE NIPPLE LINE!!!!
Depth: 1.5in
Cycles: 30:2 --> 1 rescuer
              15:2 --> 2 rescuers
Rate: 100/min
318
Q

When to stop CPR

A
  • another responder takes over
  • you are too exhuasted
  • scene becomes unsafe
319
Q

CPR risk factors

A

Fractured rib

Punctured lung

320
Q

Ingested Poisons

A

Emetic used unless patient is:

  • unconscious
  • seizures
  • pregnant
  • ingested corrosive substance
321
Q

Inhaled Poisons

A

Emergency oxygen asap

322
Q

Absorbed chemicals

A

Poisonous plant: rinse with water 20 mins
Dry chemicals: brush off with glove, then flush with tap water
Eye: irrigate with water

323
Q

Cardiogenic Shock

A

patient supine with feet higher than head!!

324
Q

Hypovolemic shock:

A

decreased blood volume

325
Q

Neurogenic / Vasogenic Shock:

A

trauma to spinal cord / brain

326
Q

Obstructive Shock

A

ie: pulmonary embolisum

327
Q

Respiratory Shock

A

failure of lungs to transport 02

328
Q

Septic shock

A

infection spread releasing toxins

329
Q

Lightening strike

A

lay victim down with feet elevated and head lower than trunk

330
Q

Impaled objects of eye

A

Leave object in and cover with gauze;

COVER BOTH EYES: indirect light reflex

331
Q

Battle sign

A

basilar skull or cribiform plate fx

332
Q

Burns

A

Graded by the depth:

1st: Redness - epidermis
2nd: Blisters - epidermis and dermis
3rd: charring of skin

333
Q

Concussion

A

Grade 1: 15-30 mins, no loss of consciousness but have memory lossy, confusion, headache, dizziness
Grade 2: 30 mins-entire day; severe grade 1
Grade 3: loses consciousness; intense confusion and memory loss

334
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

fast bleeding rate

335
Q

Glasgow Sclae

A

assess consciousness

  1. eye opening
  2. verbal response
  3. motor response
336
Q

Heat cramps

A

electrolyte deficiency

337
Q

Heat Exhaustion

A

cool patient and remove excess clothing

low blood pressure + rapid / weak pulse = shock

338
Q

Heat Stroke

A 
Cessation of sweating and high body temp
Rapid weak pulse
Shallow breathing
Low BP
Throbbing headache

** IMMERSE PT IN COLD WATER TO HIS NECK**

339
Q

Hypothermia

A

remove wet clothing and dry off.
DO NOT:
- immerse in hot water
- rub extremities

340
Q

Frostbite

A

Do not attempt to re-warm area!!!

Soak in warm water

341
Q

Raccoon Sign

A

black and blue spots around eyes

342
Q

Subarachnoid Hematoma

A

cerebral aneurysm – form of stroke

343
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

Head Trauma
Deadliest of all head injuries
SLOW onset and SLOW bleeding

344
Q

Vesicle

A

small (

345
Q

Papule

A

small (

346
Q

Macule

A

small (

347
Q

Pustule

A

small (

NBCE Part II/III (6 decks)

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