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XRAY > XRAY Clinicals > Flashcards

XRAY Clinicals Flashcards

1
Q

Define density.

A

overall blackness

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2
Q

Define contrast.

A

range of densities

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3
Q

Define brightness.

A

overall lightness

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4
Q

Define grayscale.

A

rage of densities

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5
Q

Define contrast resolution (digital)

A

smallest exposure change detectable by IR

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6
Q

Define pixel.

A

picture element

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7
Q

Define matrix

A

rows & columns of pixels

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8
Q

Define pixel pitch/sampling pitch.

A

length from center of 1 pixel to center of next

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9
Q

Define field of view.

A

part of IR shown on monitor containing relevant anatomic info

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10
Q

Define spatial resolution (digital)

A

sharpness

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11
Q

Define sampling frequency/scan lines.

A

of times data is recorded as IR is read

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12
Q

Define exposure latitude.

A

range of acceptable exposures

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13
Q

Define image noise.

A

deterioration of image by signal detection interference

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14
Q

Define electronic noise.

A

noise within the system

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15
Q

Define quantum noise.

A

insufficient signal strength

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16
Q

Define recorded detail (analog & digital)

A

sharpness

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17
Q

Define distortion

A

misrepresentation of true size or shape

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18
Q

Define size distortion

A

magnification

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19
Q

Define shape distortion

A

elongation or foreshortening

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20
Q

Define artifact

A

distortion or error not related to subject studied

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21
Q

Define image blur

A

unfocused image

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22
Q

Define beam intensity/receptor exposure.

A

of xrays reaching IR

23
Q

Primary factor of density

A

mAs

24
Q

Primary factor of contrast

A

kVp

25
Q

Primary factor of brightness

A

WL

26
Q

Primary factor of grayscale

A

WW

27
Q

Primary factor of contrast resolution

A

dynamic range & bit depth

28
Q

Define bit depth

A

max range of pixel values computer can store (# of bits per pixel)

29
Q

Define dynamic range

A

IR’s ability to respond to exposure

30
Q

Primary components of pixels/matrix

A

pixel, matrix, pixel pitch/sampling pitch & FOV (field of view)

31
Q

Primary factor of spatial resolution

A

pixel pitch/sampling pitch

32
Q

What are the components of spatial resolution?

A

display monitor & receptor

33
Q

What are the components of the display monitor in regards to spatial resolution?

A

pixels, matrix, FOV

34
Q

What are the components of the receptor in regards to spatial resolution?

A

pixel pitch/sampling pitch, sampling frequency/scan lines & DELs

35
Q

In CR, pixel pitch/sampling pitch is determined by what?

A

sampling frequency/scan lines

36
Q

In DR, pixel pitch/sampling pitch is determined by what?

A

DEL size

37
Q

How much exposure latitude does CR/DR have?

A

50% under/200% over

38
Q

What are the components of image noise?

A

electronic noise, quantum noise & scatter/fog

39
Q

Primary factor of recorded detail.

A

FSS

40
Q

Foreshortening is caused by what?

A

angle of part

41
Q

Elongation is caused by what?

A

angle of tube

42
Q

Magnification is caused by what?

A

increased OID/not enough SID

43
Q

Name the types of artifacts.

A

image receptor, processing, software, exposure

44
Q

What are the types of image receptor artifacts?

A

cassette-based & cassette-less

45
Q

What are examples of cassette based image receptor artifacts?

A

scratches, dust, dirt

46
Q

What are examples of cassette-less based image receptor artifacts?

A

DEL malfunctions

47
Q

What causes processing artifacts?

A

dirty or malfunctioning cassette processors

48
Q

What causes software artifacts?

A

computer software issue

49
Q

What causes exposure artifacts?

A

jewelery, clothing

50
Q

Types of image blur?

A

receptor blur, geometric blur & motion blur

51
Q

What causes receptor blur?

A

problem within equipment (IR, phosphor, DELs)

52
Q

What causes geometric blur?

A

FSS, SID, OID

53
Q

What causes motion blur?

A

motion of part, tube or IR

54
Q

Another name for receptor exposure?

A

beam intensity

XRAY (6 decks)

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