XII: Chapter 8- Human health and diseases Flashcards
Who discovered blood circulation?
William Harvey
Which test is used for the conformation of typhoid?
Widal test
Loss of appetite is the symptom of typhoid. True or false?
True
What happens in severe cases of pneumonia?
Lips and fingernails may turn gray to bluish in colour
Which viruses cause common cold?
Rhino viruses
Which part of the respiratory system do rhino viruses affect?
Nose and respiratory passage, but not lungs
Blockage of intestinal passage is the symptom of which disease?
Ascariasis
Intestinal perforations are symptom of which disease?
Typhoid
Which disease is caused by Epidermophyton?
Fungal infection
Which disease is caused by microsporum?
Fungal infection
Which disease is caused by Trichophyton?
Fungal infection
Mucous coating of the epithelium forms which line of defence?
First line of defence (Physical barrier)
What is meant by anamnestic response?
Secondary response of the immune system to a pathogen
Humoral immune response of body means
Antibody mediated response
Which lymphocyte mediate cell mediated immunity?
T lymphocytes
Which lymphocyte mediate antibody mediated immunity?
B lymphocytes
Hepatitis B vaccine is produced from
Yeast
Which antibodies are produced during allergies?
IgE
Which drugs are used to reduce the symptoms of allergy?
Antihistamine, adrenaline, steroids
Where do lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes?
Primary lymphoid organs- bone marrow and thymus
Where do lymphocytes become effector cells?
Secondary lymphoid organs
Only thymus provides the microenvironment for development of T lymphocytes. True/false?
False.
Both thymus and bone marrow provide the microenvironment for development of T lymphocytes
The spleen mainly contains which cells?
Lymphocytes and phagocytes
Where is mucosa associated lymphoid tissue present?
Along the lining of mucous tracts
Which cells act like HIV factory of the body in case of HIV infection?
Macrophages
Which method of diagnosis uses X-rays to create 3D image of the internals of an object?
CT
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and ionising radiations to accurately detect pathological and physiological changes in the living tissue. True/false?
False.
MRI uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionising radiations to accurately detect pathological and physiological changes in the living tissue.
Why are alpha interferons administered to cancer patients?
Alpha interferons activate the immune system and helps in destroying tumor
Where are opioid receptors present in our body?
In central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract
how is heroin prepared from morphine?
Heroin is chemically diacetylmorphine and is prepared by acetylation of morphine.
Is heroin a stimulant or depressant?
Depressant
WHere are the cannabinoid receptors present in the body?
In the brain
Which system of the body do cannibinoids affect?
Cardiovascular system
Erythroxylum coca is native to
South America
How does cocaine affect body?
It interferes with the transport of neurotransmitter dopamine.
How is cocaine usually taken?
Snorted
Does cocaine have a stimulant or depressant action on body?
Stimulant
Can cocaine cause hallucination?
Yes
Do datura or Atropa belladonna have hallucinogenic properties?
Yes
Which drugs are commonly used by patients to cope up with mental illness?
Barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines
Which organ does nicotine stimulate?
Adrenal gland
Which diseases are called contagious?
Diseases which spread by direct contact
Which bacterium is an exception to Koch’s principles?
Mycobacterium leprae
What is the causative organism of bubonic plague?
Yersinia pestis
What is the incubation period of bubonic plague?
2-5 days
How is bubonic plague tested?
Wayson stain test
What is the incubation period of cholera?
2-5 days
White rice water like loose motions are the symptoms of
Cholera
Which organ does Vibrio cholerae infect?
Intestine
Is causative organism of bubonic plague motile?
No
Is causative organism of diphtheria motile?
No
What is the incubation period of diphtheria?
2-5 days
Schick test is used for
Diphtheria
What is the incubation period of leprosy?
2-5 years
What are the symptoms of leprosy?
Hypopigmented skin, loss of sensation in affected area, rashes deformity of digits
Hansen’s disease is commonly known as
Leprosy
How is leprosy diagnosed?
Lepromin test
Name the causative organism of Pertusis?
Bordetella pertussis
Pertussis is commonly known as
Whooping cough
What is the incubation period of whooping cough?
10-15 days
How is pertussis transmitted?
Aerosol
What is the incubation period of pneumonia?
1-3 days
Name the causative organism of scarlet fever.
Streptococcus pyrogens
Goose pimples are the symptoms of
Scarlet fever
How is scarlet fever transmitted?
Aerosol
Dick test is the diagnostic method for
Scarlet fever
Which toxin is released by Clostridium tetani?
Tetanospasmin
Tetanospasmin affects which part of body?
Neuromuscular junction
DPT vaccine is effective against
Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus
What is the incubation period of tetanus?
4 days to 3 weeks
Koch’s disease is known as
Tuberculosis
What is the diagnostic method for tuberculosis?
Mantoux test
BCG vaccine is used for the prevention of
Tuberculosis
Is the causative agent of typhoid motile?
Yes
What is the incubation period of typhoid?
1 to 3 weeks
Which disease is also known as ‘the clap’?
Gonorrhoea
Can gonorrhoea be transmitted from mother to newborn?
Yes
Is Clostridium botulinum gram negative?
No, it is gram positive
How is anthrax transmitted?
Through spores of bacteria
Can chlamydia be transmitted from mother to newborn?
Yes
Can syphilis be transmitted through blood?
Yes
What is the treatment of syphillis?
Penicillin
Wassermann test is used to diagnose
Syphillis
Rocky mountain spotted fever is caused by
Rickettsia rickettsi
How is rocky mountain spotted fever transmitted?
Through bite of a tick
Typhus fever is caused by
Rickettsia prowazekii
