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Biology NEET > XI: Chapter 14- Respiration > Flashcards

XI: Chapter 14- Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the respiratory substrate in germinating seeds?

A

Proteins

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2
Q

What is floating respiration?

A

Respiration in which respiratory substrate is a carbohydrate.

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3
Q

What is protoplasmic respiration?

A

Respiration in which the respiratory substrate is fat/protein.

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4
Q

What type of respiration liberates ammonia?

A

Protoplasmic respiration

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5
Q

How many net ATP are produced in the pentose phosphate pathway?

A

35 ATP

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6
Q

What is the starting substrate in pentose phosphate pathway?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate

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7
Q

Where does pentose phosphate pathway take place in a cell?

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

What are the base and stalk of an oxysome together called?

A

F0 particle

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9
Q

What is the head of an oxysome called?

A

F1 particle

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10
Q

In which step of glycolysis is NADH produced?

A

Triose phosphate –> 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

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11
Q

In which steps of glycolysis are ATP produced?

A

1,3 bisphosphoglycerate –> 3 phosphoglycerate

Phosphoenolpyruvate –> Pyruvate

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12
Q

Which enzyme converts 2 phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate?

A

Enolase

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13
Q

Which enzyme converts fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to triose phosphate?

A

Aldose

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14
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cytoplasm of cell

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15
Q

What is oxidative decarboxylation in respiration process?

A

Pyruvate –> acetyl co-A

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16
Q

Which molecules form a part of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex which catalyses oxidative decarboxylation reaction?

A

Lipoic acid, Mg2+, transacetylase, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), co-a, NAD+

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17
Q

Sequentially name all the molecules formed in the glycolysis chain reaction?

A 
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Triose phosphate
1,3 bisphosphoglycerate
3-Phosphoglycerate
2-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Pyruvate
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18
Q

Sequentially name all the major molecules formed in the Kreb’s cycle

A 
Oxaloacetic acid + acetyl Co-A
Citric acid
Cis-aconitic acid
Isocitrate
Oxalosuccinate
α-Ketoglutaric acid + CO2
Succinyl co-A
Succinate
Fumerate
Malate
Oxaloacetic acid
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19
Q

How many carbon molecules are present in α-ketoglutaric acid?

A

5

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20
Q

In which step of Kreb’s cycle is a carbondioxide molecule lost?

A

Oxalosuccinic acid –> α-Ketoglutaric acid + CO2

α-Ketoglutaric acid –> Succinyl co-A

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21
Q

In which steps of Kreb’s cycle are NADH produced?

A

Isocitrate –> Oxalosuccinic acid
α-Ketoglutaric acid –> Succinyl co-A
Malate–> Oxaloacetic acid

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22
Q

In which step of Kreb’s cycle is GTP produced?

A

Succinyl co-A –> Succinate

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23
Q

In which step of Kreb’s cycle is FADH produced?

A

Succinate –> Fumarate

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24
Q

What is the ratio of decarboxylation:dehydrogenation:substrate level phosphorylation in citric acid cycle?

A

2:4:1

[Dehydrogenation implies the formation of NADH and FADH, substrate level phosphorylation implies the formation of GTP]

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25
Q

Where does the Kreb’s cycle take place?

A

In the matrix of mitochondria

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26
Q

What is the net gain of ATPs from Kreb’s cycle and link reaction?

A

24

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27
Q

What is the net gain of ATPs from glycolysis?

A

8

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28
Q

What is the net gain of ATPs from link reaction?

A

6

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29
Q

Where does terminal oxidation in respiration take place?

A

Inner membrane of mitochondria

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30
Q

Which is the I enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria?

A

NADH dehydrogenase enzyme complex

31
Q

What are the components of I enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria

32
Q

Which is the II enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria

A

Succinate-Q-reductase complex

33
Q

Which enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria receives electrons from NADH?

A

NADH dehydrogenase enzyme complex

34
Q

Which enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria receives electrons from FADH2?

A

Succinate-Q-reductase complex

35
Q

Which is the III enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria?

A

Cytochrome b-c1 complex/QH2 cytochrome reductase complex

36
Q

WHich is the small mobile carrier in the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

A

Cytochrome-c

37
Q

Where is cytochrome-c intially attached?

A

Outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane

38
Q

What are the components of IV enzyme complex of electron transport chain in mitochondria?

A

Cyt-a1, cyt-a3 and two copper containing centres (cytochrome c-oxidase complex )

39
Q

Which acts as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain of inner mitochondrial membrane?

40
Q

What is the sequence of molecules in the electron transport chain of inner mitochondrial membrane?

A 
Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN)
Fe-S
Fe-s
Quinone (Q)
Ubiquinol (QH)
Cyt b
Fe-S
Quinone (Q)
Ubiquinol (QH)
Cyt c1 
Cyt c
Cyt a1-a3
Oxygen
41
Q

Where are hydrogen ions accumulated in terminal oxidation process of respiration?

A

Peri membranal space of mitochondria

42
Q

Which part of oxysome contains ATP synthetase enzyme?

43
Q

How many hydrogen ions pass through the oxysome for each ATP produced?

44
Q

When does pentose phosphate pathway operate?

A

In case mitochondrias do not function (old age, disease, poison)

45
Q

How many NADH are produced in pentose phosphate pathway?

46
Q

How many net ATP are produced in anaerobic respiration?

47
Q

What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

A

Lactic acid (no CO2)

48
Q

In which form do fats join respiration?

A

Fat–> fatty acid + glycerol
glycerol-Triose phosphate
fatty acid- acetyl coA

49
Q

In which form does protein join the respiration process?

A

Pyruvate, α-Ketoglutaric acid, acetyl coA

50
Q

What is the respiratory quotient?

A

Volume of O2 consumed

51
Q

What is used to measure respiratory quotient?

A

Respirometre

52
Q

What is the respiratory quotient of fats?

53
Q

What is the respiratory quotient of proteins?

54
Q

What is the respiratory quotient in succulents?

55
Q

What is the respiratory quotient of organic acids?

56
Q

What is the respiratory quotient in anaerobic respiration?

57
Q

Which step in respiration is present in all living organism?

A

Glycolysis

58
Q

Which enzyme catalyses the phosphorylation of glucose and fructose?

A

Hexokinase

59
Q

Expand PGAL

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

60
Q

Expand BPGA

A

1,3 bisphosphoglyceraldehyde

61
Q

How many redox equivalents are removed from PGAL in glycolysis?

62
Q

What oxidises PGAL to BPGA in glycolysis?

A

Inorganic phosphate

63
Q

Which enzymes catalyse the conversion of pyruvate to CO2 and ethanol in fermentation?

A

Pyruvic acid decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase

64
Q

Which enzyme reduces pyruvic acid to lactic acid in lactic acid fermentation?

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

65
Q

What is the reducing agent in fermentation?

66
Q

What is the first step of Kreb’s cycle called?

A

Condensation

67
Q

Which enzyme catalyses the condensation of oxaloacetic acid to citric acid?

A

Citrate synthase

68
Q

What is released along with citric acid in the first step of Kreb’s cycle?

69
Q

Cyt -c acts as a mobile carrier between?

A

Enzyme complex III and enxyme complex IV

70
Q

Which is the complex V of electron transport chain of mitochondria?

A

ATP synthetase

71
Q

What is the net ATP gain in respiration of one glucose molecule?

72
Q

NADH is oxidised to NAD+ rather slowly in aerobic respiration, but very vigorously in anaerobic respiration. True/false?

A

False

NADH is oxidised to NAD+ rather slowly in anaerobic respiration, but very vigorously in aerobic respiration.

73
Q

What is the respiratory quotient of tripalmitin?

Biology NEET (39 decks)

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