XI: Chapter 1- The Living World Flashcards
What are the twin characteristics of growth?
Increase in mass and increase in number of individuals.
Mule is the hybrid of?
Male donkey and female horse
Hinny is the hybrid of?
Female donkey and male horse
The number and type of organisms present on earth comprise
Biodiversity
The process of grouping things into categories based on easily observable characters is called
Classification
Process of classification in which organisims are classified into taxa is known as
Taxonomy
The branch of biology that deals with identification, nomenclature and classification while also taking into account the evolutionary relationship between organisms is callled
Systematics
What is difference between taxa and category?
Taxa- a group of living organisms
Category- rank of the taxa
A group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities is known as
Species
Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae are included in which order? What is this classification based on?
They are included in order Polymoniales based on floral characters.
As we go higher from species to kingdom the number of common characteristics goes on
Decreasing
Give the taxonomical classification of humans.
sapiens (species) Homo (genus) Homonidae (family) Primata (order) Mammalia (class) Chordata (phylum) Animalia (kingdom)
Give the taxonomical classification of housefly.
domestica (species) Musca (genus) Muscidae (family) Diptera (order) Insecta (class) Arthropoda (phylum) Animalia (kingdom)
Give the taxonomical classification of mango.
indica (species) Mangifera (genus) Anacardiaceae (family) Sapindales (order) Dicotyledonae (class) Angiospermae (division) Plantae (kindgom)
Give the taxonomical classification of wheat.
aestivum (species) Triticum (genus) Poaceae (family) Poales (order) Monocotyledonae (class) Angiospermae (division) Plantae (kingdom)
What serve as quick referral systems in taxonomical studies?
Herbariums
What is the size of a herbarium sheet?
29 cm by 41 cm
What information does the herbarium sheet label provide?
1) Date and place of collection
2) English, local and botanical names
3) Family
4) Collector’s name
Herbarium sheets are arranged according to which system of classification?
Bentham and Hooker classification
What do the labels on specimens in a botanical garden describe?
Scientific name and family
Which is the largest botanical garden of the world?
Royal botanical garden, Kew, England
It has 6 million specimes.
Which is the largest botanical garden of India?
Indian Botanical Garden, Sibpur, Howrah, Kolkata
It has 2 million specimens.
How are insects preserved in a museum?
Insects are preserved in insect boxes after collecting, killing and pinning.
What are keys based on?
Similarities and dissimilarities between organisms
What is a flora?
Flora contains actual account of habitat and distribution of plants in a given area.
What provides an index to plant specimens in an area?
Flora
What provide information for identification of names of species of an area?
Manuals
Who gave the trinomial system of nomenclature?
Huxley and Stricklandt
Tautonyms are scietific names with
Same genric name and specific epithet (for eg. Naja naja)
Autonyms are scientific names with
Same specific epithet and subspecies (for eg. Homo sapiens sapiens)
Tribe lies between which two taxa?
Family and genus
Who is the father of taxonomy?
Carolus Linnaeus
Who gave the term systematics?
The first authentic use of this word was done by C Linnaeus in his book Systema Naturae.
Who gave the term new systematics?
Huxley
Who gave the term species?
John Ray
Who gave the term taxonomy?
Candolle
Father of Indian taxonomy is
Satapu
Who gave the term phylum?
Haeckel
Where is Lloyd Botanical Garden located?
Darjeeling
Which botanical garden is found in Lucknow?
National Botanical Garden
What is a cladogram?
Tree like graphical representation of taxonomic hierarchy.
What is the basis of alpha taxonomy?
Morphology
What is the basis of beta taxonomy?
Genetics, anatomy, cytology, etc
What is the basis of gamma taxonomy?
Phyllogeny
Experimental taxonomy is related with establishing
Genetic relationships
Unlimited growth is found in
Plants
What type of growth do algae and fungi show?
Diffused growth
What kind of growth does the pollen tube show?
Apical growth
Give two examples of amphibolic reactions.
Glycolysis and Kerb’s cycle
Expand ICNCP
International Code for Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants
Series lies between the taxa
Domain and Kingdom
The lowest unit of taxonomic hierarchy is
Species
“Species is a group of morphologically and structurally similar organisms which can interbreed to produce fertile offsprings.”
This definition was proposed by?
Ernst Mayr
What is an example of monotypic genus?
Lycoperscion, which has only one species- Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato).
Herbarium sheets are sprayed with which chemical?
Mercuric chloride
Where is the largest herbarium of the world?
Inside Royal Botanical Garden, Kew
Where is the largest herbarium of India?
Inside Indian Botanical Garden, Kolkata
Which is the largest zoo of the world?
CRUGAR, South Africa
Which is the largest zoo of India?
National Zoological Park (New Delhi)
Which solution is used to prserve specimens in a museum?
FAA solution (formalin, acetone and alcohol)
