XC Flight Planning

Question 1

What are three ways to navigate?

Answer 1

Dead reckoning - by computing direction and distance from a known location
Pilotage - by reference to visual landmarks
Radio navigation - using VORs

Question 2

What is an isognic line

Answer 2

A line that indicates the amount of magnetic variation between the earth’s poles.

Question 3

What are lines of latitude and longitude?

Answer 3

Longitudes run east and west as meridians, originating in Greenwich, UK. Latitudes run parallel to the earth North and south of the equator.

Question 4

What is magnetic deviation?

Answer 4

Because of objects located within the aircraft (radios, instruments, etc.) magnetic deviation causes the magnetic compass to deflect from its actual heading.

Question 5

Describe what a VOR is

Answer 5

VORs are radio stations that beam 360 radials in all directions, acting as a navigational aid for VOR equipped aircraft.

Question 6

How far can one expect to get a signal from a VOR

Answer 6

SMO VOR is Class L, which is about 40 miles of range.

Question 7

How does GPS work? What are the functional elements?

Answer 7

A systems of satellites that work together to determine an object’s precise location.

1) Space - 30 satellites sending signals to the earth
2) Control - ground based system verifying the accuracy of the space elements.
3) User element - antennas and on-board receiver processes that provide on-board positioning, velocity and precise timing to the user

Question 8

What is RAIM

Answer 8

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring is a self monitoring feature of a GPS receiver that ensures its receiving an accurate, adequate reading at all times.

Question 9

How many satellites does a GPS Sytem use?

Answer 9

4 satellites will result in latitude, longitude, and altitude
5 satellites allow for all of the above, plus RAIM capability

Question 10

What is a VFR waypoint

Answer 10

On a VFR flight using pilotage, a VFR waypoint assist with positional awareness. They begin with VP and are retrievable from navigation databases.

Question 11

What is a CTAF

Answer 11

Common traffic awareness frequency is the best method of communicating with traffic at an non-towered airport. A CTAF can be a UNICOM, MULTICOM, or FSS.

Question 12

If there is not UNICOM or FSS at an airport, what frequency should you contact?

Answer 12

Contact the MULTICOM on 122.9 for self-announce procedures.

Question 13

What restrictions regarding alcohol use applies to pilots?

Answer 13

No pilot may consume alcohol within 8 hours of a flight

No pilot may have a BAC greater than .04 and act as a crew member.

Question 14

Which persons on an airplane need to use a seatbelt?

Answer 14

A person must occupy a seat and wear a seatbelt during ground movement, takeoff and landing.

Question 15

When do crew members need to have their seatbelt operated?

Answer 15

While at their station.

Question 16

What is the required action for each of the following scenarios:

Converging
Approaching Head-on
Overtaking

Answer 16

Converging - Aircraft on the right has the right of way
Approaching head on - both aircraft deviate to the right
Overtaking - aircraft being overtaken has the right of way; aircraft should pass to the right

Question 17

What is the maximum indicated airspeed at which an aircraft can operate at below 10,000 feet MSL

Answer 17

250 knots.

Question 18

What’s the minimum safe altitude at which an aircraft can operate over a congested area

Answer 18

Must remain above 1,000 feet, except for takeoff and landing.

Question 19

Define minimum safe altitude

Answer 19

An altitude allowing for an emergency landing should a power unit fail.

Question 20

What is the lowest altitude an aircraft can fly over a national park?

Answer 20

2,000 feet AGL.

Question 21

If there is no altimeter setting at an airport, what should be used?

Answer 21

The elevation of the airport. For instance 300 feet = 30.22

Question 22

What is the fuel requirement for VFR flying at night?

Answer 22

45 minutes reserve. 30 minute during the day.

Question 23

When flying VFR above 3,000 feet AGL, what rule should be followed regarding altitude.

Answer 23

Flying west = even + 500

Flying east = odd + 500

Question 24

Is an ELT neccassary?

Answer 24

Yes, unless flown within 50nm of the home airport or for flight testing or for agricultural use.

Question 25

When must the ELT battery be replaced?

Answer 25

After 1 hour of cumulative usage or below 50% overall charge.

Question 26

What are the regs concerning using oxygen on board an aircraft.

Answer 26

From 12,500 to 14,000 MSL, the required crew member must use oxygen after 30 minutes.
From 14,000 to 15,000, all required crew members must use oxygen at all times.
Above 15,000, all crew members and passengers must be on oxygen at all times.

Question 27

What equipment is required to fly in Class A Airspace

Answer 27

ADS-B out and TIS-B
Mode C transponder
Two way radio
IFR Instruments

Question 28

What VFR Minimums are required to operate within Class B

Answer 28

3 miles visibility

Clear of clouds

Question 29

What is the maximum speed in which one can operate within Class B? What about Class C and D?

Answer 29

250 knots indicated for Class B and below 10,000MSL

200 knots within Class C, D

Question 30

What is the maximum speed through a VFR Corridor?

Answer 30

200 knots.

Question 31

What are the VFR weather minimums within Class C

Answer 31

2000 feet horizontal, 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above clouds. 3 SM visibility.

Question 32

Where is a Mode C Transponder required?

Answer 32

Mode C Veil

Class E Airspace above 10,000 FEET MSL, but not below 2,500 feet AGL