[X] topic 4 glossary - divided germany Flashcards
1
Q
Occupation Statute
A
Drawn up by the allies on their powers & authority over Germanys foreign relations, trade & level of industrial production
2
Q
The Bonn Republic
A
The English name for the federal republic of germany (west Germany)
3
Q
Basic Law (Grudgesetz)
A
The constitution
4
Q
Bundesrat
A
The ‘second chamber’
5
Q
Pluralism
A
A theory of the distribution of political power that holds that power is widely and evenly dispersed in society, rather than concentrated in the hands of an elite or ruling class
6
Q
Constitution court
A
A high court that deals primarily with constitutional law to establish on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional
7
Q
Five percent hurdle
A
A party can only enter the parliament if they get 5% of the vote. To prevent lots of small (often extremist) parties
8
Q
Socialist Reich Party (SRP)
A
West German political party founded as an openly neo-Nazi-orientated split-off from the national conservation Germany right wing party`
9
Q
Free German Youth
A
Youth movement in east Germany that prescribed to communism/Marxism
10
Q
CDU/CSU
A
Conservative Christian parties, vaguely centre, sought to present the image of capitalism with a human face
11
Q
Konrad Adenauer
A
First chancellor of the federal republic of west Germany from the centre party
12
Q
SPD
A
Socialist party
13
Q
FDP
A
An amalgamation of liberal parties in west Germany; often called the ‘small and chameleon’ party supporting the rights of big business interests & liberal individual freedoms
14
Q
Western liberal democracy
A
A political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under liberalism
15
Q
Social market economy
A
Also called rhine capitalism, combines a free market capitalism system alongside social policies; both a fair competition within the market and a welfare state are established
16
Q
Western integration
A
The process of integration of states with their industrial, economic, social etc. ways
17
Q
The ‘German question’
A
Debate on how to achieve a unification of all or most lands inhabited by Germans
18
Q
Magnet theory
A
Theory of Adenauer that states that a prosperous democratic west Germany integrated with the west would act as a magnet that would eventually bring down the east German regime
19
Q
Korean War
A
War lasting 1950-1953 between north Korean communist army who invaded the non-communist south Korea
Sometimes called the ‘forgotten war’ because it was overshadowed by ww2 and the Vietnam war
20
Q
Rapprochement
A
An establishment or resumption of harmonious relations, in regards to international affairs. Synonym would be reconciliation
21
Q
.
A
.
22
Q
Ahlen programme
A
whn the CDU ran a programme that was openly critical of the capitalist economic system in western germany
23
Q
Ludwig Erhard
A
A German politician affiliated with the CDU who was the second chancellor of west Germany. Known for leading the west German post-war economic reforms & recovery
24
Q
Economic miracle
A
an informal economic term for a period of dramatic economic development that is entirely unexpected or unexpectedly strong
25
Gross National Product (GNP)
An economic statistic that included GDP as well as any income earned by a country’s citizen overseas
26
Balance of Trade
the difference between the value of a country's imports and exports
27
Co-determination
a practice where workers of an enterprise have the right to vote for representatives on the board of directors in a company. It also refers to staff having binding rights in work councils on issues in their workplace.
28
Co-determination Law, 1951
aims principally to give workers a voice in the company decisions. This means matters on organisation of the business, the conditions of work and the management of personal and economic decisions affecting the future of the company and jobs.
29
NATO
An alliance of countries from Europe and north America; north Atlantic treaty organisation; formed in 1949 to provide collective security against the threat of the soviet union
30
Social redress
To remedy social wrongdoing
31
Equalisation of Burdens Law 1950
transferred wealth from the well off to provide for those who had lost everything during the war.
32
Law 131
(1) Every person shall have the right to free development of his personality insofar as he does not violate the rights of others or offend against the constitutional order or the moral law.
(2) Every person shall have the right to life and physical integrity. Freedom of the person shall be inviolable.
33
Hans Globke
A public official who had a major role in shaping the course and structure of the state and west Germanys alignment with the USA.
34
Wiedergutmachung
a general term for restitution or reparation
35
german federation of trade unions
an umbrella organisation sometimes known as a national trade union centre for eight german trade union
36
welfare state
an economic system under which the govt intervenes to help its people
37
Dusseldorf agreement, 1955
the first major attempt to unify or coordinate the school systems of the Länder, school attendance is mandatory for a minimum of nine years (or in some Länder ten years), beginning at age six.
38
The Law of Equality of the Sexes, 1957
the Basic Law of 1949 declared that men and women were equal, but it was not until 1957 that the civil code was amended to conform with this statement. ... Women became homemakers and mothers again and largely withdrew from employment outside the home.
39
social mobility
categories of people within or between social strata in a society
40
‘Coca-Cola society’
Coca Cola is frequently used to signal the large-scale transformation from socialism to capitalism in eastern and middle
41
Saar
A state in west Germany that was given to the League of Nations to control. This was significant as the Saar region was a major source of Germany's coal.
42
Customs Union
a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff.
43
The Petersburg Agreement 1949
an international treaty that extended the rights of the Federal Government of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) vis-a-vis the occupying forces of Britain, France, and the United States, and is viewed as the first major step of the Bonn Republic towards sovereignty.
44
Treaty of Rome 1957
aimed to create a common market for the movement of goods, services, people and capital, led to the creation of a customs union - establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom)
45
The ‘Common Market’
a free trade area with relatively free movement of capital and services; sometimes referred to the European economic community
46
Paris Treaties of 1954
A series of talks which granted West Germany full sovereignty, ended the occupation, and allowed its admittance to NATO. Furthermore, both West Germany and Italy joined the Brussels Treaty on 23 October 1954.
47
german sovereignty
Sovereignty of the Federal Republic of Germany was granted on May 5, 1955, by the formal end of the military occupation of its territory. As a result, Germany became fully sovereign on March 15, 1991.
48
Bundeswehr
The German army; the backbone of NATO's conventional defence in Central Europe. It had a strength of 495,000 military and 170,000 civilian personnel.
49
druben
translates to over there in german
50
ostzone
called the soviet occupation zone in russian
51
the stalin notes
a document delivered to the representatives of the Western Allies (the United Kingdom, France, and the United States) from the Soviet Union in Germany on 10 March 1952.
52
Warsaw Pact 1955
a collective defence treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe
53
Hallstein Doctrine
According to this doctrine, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) had exclusive right to represent the entire German nation. Except for the Soviet Union, the government refused to maintain diplomatic relations with states that recognized the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
54
‘No experiments – vote Adenauer’
Quote from when chancellor adenauer won a historic third term in office in 1957
55
‘The TV dispute’
1958-61 legal conflict about a national TV company Adenauer had established as some claimed this company was a threat to German federalism. Eventually the company was declared unconstitutional
56
Deutschland Fersehen-GmbH
The tv company established by adenauer. Translates to state-controlled TV
57
Der Spiegel affair
was a political scandal in West Germany. ... The scandal stemmed from a conflict between Franz Josef Strauss, federal minister of defence, and Rudolf Augstein, owner and editor-in-chief of Der Spiegel.
58
‘massive deterrence’
a massive response or massive deterrence, is a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack.
59
Cuban Missile Crisis
leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores. ... Kennedy also secretly agreed to remove U.S. missiles from Turkey.
60
Chancellor democracy
The 1949 constitution gave the chancellor much greater powers than during the Weimar Republic, while strongly diminishing the role of the president. Germany is today often referred to as a "chancellor democracy", reflecting the role of the chancellor as the country's chief executive.
61
GDR
the german democratic republic aka east germany was founded as a german state in 1949
62
SED
The socialist unity party of Germany, often known as the east German communist party; the governing Marxist political party of east Germany
63
Volkskammer
German for the peoples chamber, the legislature of the east Germany
64
Stasi
Name for the secret police agency of east Germany. One of the most hated & feared institutions of the east German communist party
65
Democratic centralism
the Leninist organizational system in which policy is decided centrally and is binding on all members.
66
.
.
67
Walter Ulbricht
He led east Germany succeeding in placing his country in a fairly strong economic position
68
Otto Grotewohl
a German politician who served as the first prime minister of the German Democratic Republic (GDR/East Germany) from 1949 to 1964.
69
CDUD
The Christian democratic union (east Germany)
70
General secretary
a principal administrative officer
71
FDJ – Free German Youth
A youth movement in Germany founded in 1946
72
berlin / Workers’ Uprising, 1953
An uprising that occurred in east Germany from 16 to 17 June 1953, beginning with a strike.. 55-125 killed.
73
Herrnstadt
a German journalist and communist politician – most notable for his anti-fascist activity as an exile from the Nazi German regime in the Soviet Union during the war and as a journalist in East Germany until his death
74
Purges
A position removal or execution of people who are considered undesirable by those in power
75
Nikita Khrushchev
Politician who led the Soviet Union as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964
76
De-Stalinisation
A series of political reforms in the soviet union after the death of Stalin and the ascension of nikita Khrushchev into power
77
Imre Nagy
a Hungarian communist politician who served as Prime Minister and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic
78
Hungarian Uprising, 1956
when thousands of protesters took to the streets demanding a more democratic political system and freedom from Soviet oppression.
79
Comecon
Organisation established in 1949 to facilitate & coordinate the economic development of the European countries
80
First Five Year Plan
created in order to initiate rapid and large scale industrialisation across the union of soviet socialist republic UUSR
81
seconf vie year plan
The second plan (1933–37) continued the objectives of the first.
82
Seven Year Plan
A discussion of the new Soviet Seven Year Plan for 1959-1965 and of Khrushchev's prediction that in fifteen years the USSR will "take the first place in the world not only in total output but also in per-capita production."
83
Heavy Industry
an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products
84
Centralised planning
also referred to as a 'Command economy' or 'Communist economy. ' With Central planning, the theory is that the government will take ownership of the means of production and run the economy in the interest of workers. The theoretical basis of a planned economy stems from the work of Karl Marx.
85
Modernisation, Mechanisation and Automation
Industrialisation is a part of a wider modernisation process through the revolution and the development of modern methods of production and technology system
86
ostmark
german term meaning eastern march when applied to territories or eastern mark when applied to currencies
87
Collectivisation
policy adopted by the Soviet government, pursued most intensively between 1929 and 1933, to transform traditional agriculture in the Soviet Union and to reduce the economic power of the kulaks (prosperous peasants).
88
Brain drain
When all educated people migrate to a place where they might receive better payment for their services
89
Kindergarten
Lower school in Germany
90
Grundschule
middle school
91
oberschule
higher school
92
Polytechnic education
offering higher diplomas, undergraduate degree and post graduate education with regards to technology
93
Abitur
work
94
FDJ
Free German youth was the official youth movement of the GDR that worked under the ideology of communism
95
JP
Justices of the peace
96
Komsomol
A political youth organisation in the soviet union
97
Judendweihe
a secular coming of age ceremony practised by German 14-year-olds. It originated among the secular societies in the 19th century as an alternative to Confirmation by the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches.
98
Atheist
Belief in science rather than any god
99
Niche
specific
100
Society of niches
Ask East Germans what they liked about life in what was a walled-in, ostensibly totalitarian country and their faces light up when they recount weekends and holidays in their dachas or allotments.
101
Berlin Ultimatum of 1961
Khrushchev issues an ultimatum giving the western powers six months to agree to withdraw from berlin & make it a free, demilitarised city
102
U-2 crisis of 1960
when an american u2 spy plane was shot down by the soviety air defence forces
103
JFK
john f kennedy
104
Operation Rose
Was when at 1am when berlin slept the berlin wall was built
105
Berlin Wall
a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989
