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Y221 flashcards > topic 1 glossary - weimar republic > Flashcards

topic 1 glossary - weimar republic Flashcards

1
Q

Allies

A

Germany’s opponent in WW1.

The Allies were made up of GB, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan & the USA

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2
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A

Germany’s original plan for an attack on france & belgium. Aim was to avoid a 2 front war by winning on the Western front, thereby avoiing Russia. Didn’t work out.

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3
Q

Imperial Germany

A

a system of autocracy established in 1871

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4
Q

Unrestricted submarine warfare

A

a type of naval warfare wherein submarine sink naval things of their opponent without warning

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5
Q

Black market

A

the shadow economy, wherein illegal goods and services are sold and traded

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6
Q

Total war

A

a war where all bets are off. There are no restrictions in terms of weapons used, and all accepted rules of war are disregarded

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7
Q

Autocracy

A

a system of government where one person has absolute power

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8
Q

Constitutional monarchy

A

a system where a monarchy and a constitutionally organised governemental system work hand in hand

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9
Q

Kaiser

A

leader of the state ie. A german emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the holy roman empire

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10
Q

Ludendorff

A

a German general who really wanted Germany to become a constitutional monarchy after 1918

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11
Q

Stab in the back’ myth

A

rumours surrounding the signing of the ToV rooted in antiseminitism. That german had not lost the war as a result of anything else but jewish politicans that were pushing for an early armistice

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12
Q

Weimar Republic

A

the new german govt. form 1919—1933 which was both a republic and federal state

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13
Q

Chancellor

A

pointed by the president, but must have the support of the Reichstag. Usually the leader of the largest party in the Reichstag

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14
Q

Parliamentary democracy

A

a govt. system wherein the party (or a coalition of parties) with the greatest representation in the parliament forms the govt. and its leader becomes the prime minister or chancellor

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15
Q

Reichstag

A

the main law making body of the parliament

consisted of deputies elected every four years

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16
Q

Armistice

A

agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce

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17
Q

Soviet

A

a person in power within the Soviet Union

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18
Q

Bolshevik Revolution aka the October revolution

A

RUSSIA
on 29th October, mutiny spread among sailors as they feared they would be forced to take part in a suicide attack on a british fleet
There was a domino effect that led to discontent throughout Germany: the October reforms had not done enough to appease the public
They want Kaiser to abdicate, anger surrounding social and economic conditions

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19
Q

Bavaria

A

a Gemran state containing Munich

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20
Q

Socialist republic

A

a sovereign state wherein their constitution says they want to work towards socialism.

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21
Q

Coalition government

A

a system of govt. where political parties cooperate, reducing the dominance of any one party. It means no part can achieve a majority in an election on their own

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22
Q

Philipp Scheidemann

A

the first chancellor of the Weimar Republic from the SDP

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23
Q

Rosa Luxemburg

A

co leader of the Spartacists, a left wing part that were opposed to war & wanted Germany to follow in the footsteps of the communist russia

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24
Q

Soviet republic

A

a republic which is run by soviets

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25
Q

Proletariat

A

the left wing idea that the working class will ultimately take power from the state

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26
Q

Friedrich Ebert

A

first president of WR. Co leader of the SPD, a moderate socialist party who wanted a parliamentary democracy. In 1912, the largest party in the democracy

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27
Q

Freikorps

A

group of paramilitary units, employed by the gov.t to suppress threats from the extremist groups (left & right)

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28
Q

Proportional representation

A

the govt. system under which WR worked, if a party gets 2% of votes, they get 2% of seats available. This means everyone’s votes counts, but a govt. with lots of different parties in it is slow to make decisions

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29
Q

Federal structure

A

the laws & principles on which a nation is build, guarantees certain rights

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30
Q

Article 48

A

an article in the Weimar constitution that stated that in times of distress, the president could bypass the Reichstag and make laws on their own

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31
Q

First past the post

A

a voting system wherein voters cast their vote for a candidate of their choice, and the canditade who receives the most votes wins

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32
Q

Welfare state

A

a way of governing in which the state provides basic economic security for all its citizens

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33
Q

Paris Peace Settlement

A

the formal meeting in 1919-20 wherein the victorious allies set the peace terms for the defeat central powers, where the treaty of Versailles was written

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34
Q

Self-Determination

A

a group of people form their own state and choose their govt.

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35
Q

League of Nations

A

the first worldwife intergovernmental organisation, wherein the mission was the maintain peace. Spearheaded by woodrow wilson president of the USA. Founded in the paris peace settlement. initially germany couldnt join

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36
Q

Buffer State

A

a country that lies between 2 rival or conflicting greater powers

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37
Q

Reparations

A

the debt which Germany was shouldered with to pay reparations to the victorious allied countries

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38
Q

Plebiscite

A

where all member of an electoral vote on an important public question such as a change in the constitution

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39
Q

Anschluss

A

german word for union. ToV outlawed any union between Germany and Austria

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40
Q

Demilitarisation

A

Germany was limited in the amount of ships and weaponry they could have under ToV, also limited to 100,000 men

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41
Q

Mandates

A

an official order or commission to do something

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42
Q

Conscription

A

a draft; when someone signs up to the military

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43
Q

Diktat

A

T the nickname used by Germans when talking about the ToV, inreference to the dictated peace Germany got bcos they weren’t invited to the paris peace agreement

44
Q

Unilateral Disarmament

A

a policy opinon to renounce weapons without getting your rivals to do the same

45
Q

Annexation

A

taking or invading another country against their will

46
Q

Putsch

A

a coup; a violent attempt to overthrow a govt.

47
Q

Red threat

A

violence of the communist uprisings

48
Q

Anti-Marxism

A

opposition to the Marxist ideals within communism

49
Q

Nationalism

A

believing your country is superior to others, and its success is more important than the success of any of your other identities

50
Q

Authoritarianism

A

advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom

51
Q

November criminals

A

what many Germans called the politicians that signed the armistice in November 1919

52
Q

Anti-Semitism

A

hatred and prejudice towards Jewish people

53
Q

USSR

A

the Soviet Union, a fereral socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991

54
Q

Matthias Erzberger

A

signed the armistice between Germany and the Allies. from centre party

55
Q

Wolfgang Kapp

A

a German nationalist. Led the failed Kapp Putsch

56
Q

State within a state

A

a type of governance mad eup of networks or power operating independantly from a state’s political leadership in persuit of their own agenda and goals

57
Q

Munich Beer Hall putsch aka the Munich Putsch

A

a failed coup

58
Q

Hyperinflation

A

where there is out of control increase in general price in the economy

59
Q

War bonds

A

debt securities issued by the govt. to finance wars and relation costs. Can be marketed to the public or within the stock market

60
Q

Deficit financing

A

a means of generating funds to finance the deficit which results from excess spending over revenue. Attempts are made to cover this gap by borrowing money from the public through money, or printing new money

61
Q

Hard currency

A

when comparing a currency, use a hard currency to compare it to (aka one that has a stable value) such as the US dollar, or gold

62
Q

passive resistance

A

a type of resistance that involves doing nothing that the opposer asks of you

63
Q

Mittelstand

A

small and medium sized businesses and enterprises in German speaking countries

64
Q

Real wages

A

a workers’ wages taking into account infaltion

65
Q

Stresemann’s 100 Days

A

the days in which Stresemann was chancellor, in which the inflation was mastered

66
Q

Proletariat dictatorship

A

wherein the proletariat holds political power, a Marxist idea

67
Q

Great Depression

A

following the great crash of 1929

68
Q

Progressive tax

A

the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases. The tax rate progresses from low to high

69
Q

tariff

A

taxation on imported goods

70
Q

The Centre Party

A

moderate beliefs

71
Q

The liberal parties

A

parties that hold liberal and more leftist beliefs

72
Q

DNVP

A

the german national workers party

73
Q

President Hindenburg

A

was president rom 1925-34, from an indie party

74
Q

Weltpolitik

A

an imperialist foreign policy adopted by the german empire during the reign of Emperor Wilhem II. The aim was to turn Germany into a global power

75
Q

Gustave Stresemann

A

served as chancellor in 1923 for approx 100 days. From the german people’s party

76
Q

alliance

A

an agreement to support

77
Q

Fulfilment

A

making good on your promises

78
Q

The Dawes Plan

A

a plan to ensure the payment of reparations by germany after WW1

79
Q

The Locarno Pact

A

a series of agreements whereby many countries agreed peace in western europe

80
Q

The Treaty of Berlin

A

a treaty under which germany and the SU promised to be neutral

81
Q

Neue Sachlichkeit

A

meaning ‘new objectivity’, a movement in german art that arose in 1920s as a reaction against expressionism

82
Q

Expressionism

A

a modernist movement at the beginning of the 1900s, that attempts to present the world from a subjective perspecitve

83
Q

SA

A

a paramilitaty organisition whose use of violent intimidation played a key role in hitler’s rise to power

84
Q

Mein Kampf

A

autobiogrpahy of sorts by Hitler, written during his stint in prison

85
Q

Social Darwinism

A

those who believe in the survival of the fittest - certani people become powerful in society because they are just better. Used to justify racism, imperialism and eugenics

86
Q

Aryan

A

the ‘ideal’ race, one who is fit, blond and blue eyed and white

87
Q

Fuhrerprinzip

A

german for leader principle.

88
Q

Lebensraum

A

the idea that german required more living space to thrive

89
Q

Volksgemeinschaft

A

a german expression meaing ‘peoples community’ wherein everyone is mostly the same

90
Q

National Socialism

A

aka nazism, the ideologies associated with the nazi party

91
Q

Pan-German League

A

a nationalist organisation that also loved antisemitism and imperialism

92
Q

Gauleiter

A

a political official governing a district under nazi rule

93
Q

Hitler Youth

A

a youth organisation aimed to teach youngins the nazi beliefs, was compulsary for a time for children over 10 yo

94
Q

SS

A

schutzstaffel was a paramilitaty organisation under hitler

95
Q

Wall Street Crash

A

1929

96
Q

The Young Plan

A

allowed germnay to rescedule both of its annual payments indemnity

97
Q

Franz von Papen

A

from nazi party, served as chancellor of Germany

98
Q

Presidential Elections, 1932

A

von hindenburg won a second term against hitler

99
Q

Reichstag

A

the govt

100
Q

Chancellor

A

elected by the majority vote in the reichstag, and nominated by the president

101
Q

President

A

head of state

102
Q

Balance of powers

A

preventing any one state from gaining enough militaty power that it could dominate all others

103
Q

Political Intrigue / Backstairs Intrigue

A

the drama between politicans

104
Q

Temporary Triangle

A

a cartoon that depicts hitler sitting on the shoulders of hindenburg and von papen to show his reliance on them

105
Q

‘Jumped up corporal’

A

what von hindenburg called hitler one time, an insult to his military competence

106
Q

theory linking occupation of the ruhr + eocnomic issues at the tim

A

some say the hyperinflation crisis began through the govt trying to spend their way through the troubles caused by the occapition of the ruhr

Y221 flashcards (4 decks)

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