topic 1 glossary - weimar republic

Question 1

Allies

Answer 1

Germany’s opponent in WW1.

The Allies were made up of GB, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan & the USA

Question 2

Schlieffen Plan

Answer 2

Germany’s original plan for an attack on france & belgium. Aim was to avoid a 2 front war by winning on the Western front, thereby avoiing Russia. Didn’t work out.

Question 3

Imperial Germany

Answer 3

a system of autocracy established in 1871

Question 4

Unrestricted submarine warfare

Answer 4

a type of naval warfare wherein submarine sink naval things of their opponent without warning

Question 5

Black market

Answer 5

the shadow economy, wherein illegal goods and services are sold and traded

Question 6

Total war

Answer 6

a war where all bets are off. There are no restrictions in terms of weapons used, and all accepted rules of war are disregarded

Question 7

Autocracy

Answer 7

a system of government where one person has absolute power

Question 8

Constitutional monarchy

Answer 8

a system where a monarchy and a constitutionally organised governemental system work hand in hand

Question 9

Kaiser

Answer 9

leader of the state ie. A german emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the holy roman empire

Question 10

Ludendorff

Answer 10

a German general who really wanted Germany to become a constitutional monarchy after 1918

Question 11

Stab in the back’ myth

Answer 11

rumours surrounding the signing of the ToV rooted in antiseminitism. That german had not lost the war as a result of anything else but jewish politicans that were pushing for an early armistice

Question 12

Weimar Republic

Answer 12

the new german govt. form 1919—1933 which was both a republic and federal state

Question 13

Chancellor

Answer 13

pointed by the president, but must have the support of the Reichstag. Usually the leader of the largest party in the Reichstag

Question 14

Parliamentary democracy

Answer 14

a govt. system wherein the party (or a coalition of parties) with the greatest representation in the parliament forms the govt. and its leader becomes the prime minister or chancellor

Question 15

Reichstag

Answer 15

the main law making body of the parliament

consisted of deputies elected every four years

Question 16

Armistice

Answer 16

agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce

Question 17

Soviet

Answer 17

a person in power within the Soviet Union

Question 18

Bolshevik Revolution aka the October revolution

Answer 18

RUSSIA
on 29th October, mutiny spread among sailors as they feared they would be forced to take part in a suicide attack on a british fleet
There was a domino effect that led to discontent throughout Germany: the October reforms had not done enough to appease the public
They want Kaiser to abdicate, anger surrounding social and economic conditions

Question 19

Bavaria

Answer 19

a Gemran state containing Munich

Question 20

Socialist republic

Answer 20

a sovereign state wherein their constitution says they want to work towards socialism.

Question 21

Coalition government

Answer 21

a system of govt. where political parties cooperate, reducing the dominance of any one party. It means no part can achieve a majority in an election on their own

Question 22

Philipp Scheidemann

Answer 22

the first chancellor of the Weimar Republic from the SDP

Question 23

Rosa Luxemburg

Answer 23

co leader of the Spartacists, a left wing part that were opposed to war & wanted Germany to follow in the footsteps of the communist russia

Question 24

Soviet republic

Answer 24

a republic which is run by soviets

Question 25

Proletariat

Answer 25

the left wing idea that the working class will ultimately take power from the state

Question 26

Friedrich Ebert

Answer 26

first president of WR. Co leader of the SPD, a moderate socialist party who wanted a parliamentary democracy. In 1912, the largest party in the democracy

Question 27

Freikorps

Answer 27

group of paramilitary units, employed by the gov.t to suppress threats from the extremist groups (left & right)

Question 28

Proportional representation

Answer 28

the govt. system under which WR worked, if a party gets 2% of votes, they get 2% of seats available. This means everyone’s votes counts, but a govt. with lots of different parties in it is slow to make decisions

Question 29

Federal structure

Answer 29

the laws & principles on which a nation is build, guarantees certain rights

Question 30

Article 48

Answer 30

an article in the Weimar constitution that stated that in times of distress, the president could bypass the Reichstag and make laws on their own

Question 31

First past the post

Answer 31

a voting system wherein voters cast their vote for a candidate of their choice, and the canditade who receives the most votes wins

Question 32

Welfare state

Answer 32

a way of governing in which the state provides basic economic security for all its citizens

Question 33

Paris Peace Settlement

Answer 33

the formal meeting in 1919-20 wherein the victorious allies set the peace terms for the defeat central powers, where the treaty of Versailles was written

Question 34

Self-Determination

Answer 34

a group of people form their own state and choose their govt.

Question 35

League of Nations

Answer 35

the first worldwife intergovernmental organisation, wherein the mission was the maintain peace. Spearheaded by woodrow wilson president of the USA. Founded in the paris peace settlement. initially germany couldnt join

Question 36

Buffer State

Answer 36

a country that lies between 2 rival or conflicting greater powers

Question 37

Reparations

Answer 37

the debt which Germany was shouldered with to pay reparations to the victorious allied countries

Question 38

Plebiscite

Answer 38

where all member of an electoral vote on an important public question such as a change in the constitution

Question 39

Anschluss

Answer 39

german word for union. ToV outlawed any union between Germany and Austria

Question 40

Demilitarisation

Answer 40

Germany was limited in the amount of ships and weaponry they could have under ToV, also limited to 100,000 men

Question 41

Mandates

Answer 41

an official order or commission to do something

Question 42

Conscription

Answer 42

a draft; when someone signs up to the military

Question 43

Diktat

Answer 43

T the nickname used by Germans when talking about the ToV, inreference to the dictated peace Germany got bcos they weren’t invited to the paris peace agreement

Question 44

Unilateral Disarmament

Answer 44

a policy opinon to renounce weapons without getting your rivals to do the same

Question 45

Annexation

Answer 45

taking or invading another country against their will

Question 46

Putsch

Answer 46

a coup; a violent attempt to overthrow a govt.

Question 47

Red threat

Answer 47

violence of the communist uprisings

Question 48

Anti-Marxism

Answer 48

opposition to the Marxist ideals within communism

Question 49

Nationalism

Answer 49

believing your country is superior to others, and its success is more important than the success of any of your other identities

Question 50

Authoritarianism

Answer 50

advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom

Question 51

November criminals

Answer 51

what many Germans called the politicians that signed the armistice in November 1919

Question 52

Anti-Semitism

Answer 52

hatred and prejudice towards Jewish people

Question 53

USSR

Answer 53

the Soviet Union, a fereral socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991

Question 54

Matthias Erzberger

Answer 54

signed the armistice between Germany and the Allies. from centre party

Question 55

Wolfgang Kapp

Answer 55

a German nationalist. Led the failed Kapp Putsch

Question 56

State within a state

Answer 56

a type of governance mad eup of networks or power operating independantly from a state's political leadership in persuit of their own agenda and goals

Question 57

Munich Beer Hall putsch aka the Munich Putsch

Answer 57

a failed coup

Question 58

Hyperinflation

Answer 58

where there is out of control increase in general price in the economy

Question 59

War bonds

Answer 59

debt securities issued by the govt. to finance wars and relation costs. Can be marketed to the public or within the stock market

Question 60

Deficit financing

Answer 60

a means of generating funds to finance the deficit which results from excess spending over revenue. Attempts are made to cover this gap by borrowing money from the public through money, or printing new money

Question 61

Hard currency

Answer 61

when comparing a currency, use a hard currency to compare it to (aka one that has a stable value) such as the US dollar, or gold

Question 62

passive resistance

Answer 62

a type of resistance that involves doing nothing that the opposer asks of you

Question 63

Mittelstand

Answer 63

small and medium sized businesses and enterprises in German speaking countries

Question 64

Real wages

Answer 64

a workers' wages taking into account infaltion

Question 65

Stresemann’s 100 Days

Answer 65

the days in which Stresemann was chancellor, in which the inflation was mastered

Question 66

Proletariat dictatorship

Answer 66

wherein the proletariat holds political power, a Marxist idea

Question 67

Great Depression

Answer 67

following the great crash of 1929

Question 68

Progressive tax

Answer 68

the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases. The tax rate progresses from low to high

Question 69

tariff

Answer 69

taxation on imported goods

Question 70

The Centre Party

Answer 70

moderate beliefs

Question 71

The liberal parties

Answer 71

parties that hold liberal and more leftist beliefs

Question 72

DNVP

Answer 72

the german national workers party

Question 73

President Hindenburg

Answer 73

was president rom 1925-34, from an indie party

Question 74

Weltpolitik

Answer 74

an imperialist foreign policy adopted by the german empire during the reign of Emperor Wilhem II. The aim was to turn Germany into a global power

Question 75

Gustave Stresemann

Answer 75

served as chancellor in 1923 for approx 100 days. From the german people's party

Question 76

alliance

Answer 76

an agreement to support

Question 77

Fulfilment

Answer 77

making good on your promises

Question 78

The Dawes Plan

Answer 78

a plan to ensure the payment of reparations by germany after WW1

Question 79

The Locarno Pact

Answer 79

a series of agreements whereby many countries agreed peace in western europe

Question 80

The Treaty of Berlin

Answer 80

a treaty under which germany and the SU promised to be neutral

Question 81

Neue Sachlichkeit

Answer 81

meaning 'new objectivity', a movement in german art that arose in 1920s as a reaction against expressionism

Question 82

Expressionism

Answer 82

a modernist movement at the beginning of the 1900s, that attempts to present the world from a subjective perspecitve

Question 83

SA

Answer 83

a paramilitaty organisition whose use of violent intimidation played a key role in hitler's rise to power

Question 84

Mein Kampf

Answer 84

autobiogrpahy of sorts by Hitler, written during his stint in prison

Question 85

Social Darwinism

Answer 85

those who believe in the survival of the fittest - certani people become powerful in society because they are just better. Used to justify racism, imperialism and eugenics

Question 86

Aryan

Answer 86

the 'ideal' race, one who is fit, blond and blue eyed and white

Question 87

Fuhrerprinzip

Answer 87

german for leader principle.

Question 88

Lebensraum

Answer 88

the idea that german required more living space to thrive

Question 89

Volksgemeinschaft

Answer 89

a german expression meaing 'peoples community' wherein everyone is mostly the same

Question 90

National Socialism

Answer 90

aka nazism, the ideologies associated with the nazi party

Question 91

Pan-German League

Answer 91

a nationalist organisation that also loved antisemitism and imperialism

Question 92

Gauleiter

Answer 92

a political official governing a district under nazi rule

Question 93

Hitler Youth

Answer 93

a youth organisation aimed to teach youngins the nazi beliefs, was compulsary for a time for children over 10 yo

Question 94

SS

Answer 94

schutzstaffel was a paramilitaty organisation under hitler

Question 95

Wall Street Crash

Answer 95

1929

Question 96

The Young Plan

Answer 96

allowed germnay to rescedule both of its annual payments indemnity

Question 97

Franz von Papen

Answer 97

from nazi party, served as chancellor of Germany

Question 98

Presidential Elections, 1932

Answer 98

von hindenburg won a second term against hitler

Question 99

Reichstag

Answer 99

the govt

Question 100

Chancellor

Answer 100

elected by the majority vote in the reichstag, and nominated by the president

Question 101

President

Answer 101

head of state

Question 102

Balance of powers

Answer 102

preventing any one state from gaining enough militaty power that it could dominate all others

Question 103

Political Intrigue / Backstairs Intrigue

Answer 103

the drama between politicans

Question 104

Temporary Triangle

Answer 104

a cartoon that depicts hitler sitting on the shoulders of hindenburg and von papen to show his reliance on them

Question 105

‘Jumped up corporal’

Answer 105

what von hindenburg called hitler one time, an insult to his military competence

Question 106

theory linking occupation of the ruhr + eocnomic issues at the tim

Answer 106

some say the hyperinflation crisis began through the govt trying to spend their way through the troubles caused by the occapition of the ruhr