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Y221 flashcards > topic 3 glossary - impact of war + defeat > Flashcards

topic 3 glossary - impact of war + defeat Flashcards

1
Q

anschluss

A

translated as union. although the population of austria was wholly german, the versailles treaty outlawed any political union between germany & austria

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2
Q

lebensraum

A

the ideal that germany needs to expand to neighbouring countries to have the amount of land they “deserve”

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3
Q

munich agreement

A

Czechoslovakia must surrender its border regions and defenses to Nazi Germany.

German troops occupy these regions between October 1 and 10, 1938.

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4
Q

nazi-soviet pact 1939

A

the two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years

ussr gives germany some aid with taking over poland

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5
Q

phoney war

A

used to describe the war between sep 1939 to may 1940 when germany hadn’t yet attacked the western front

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6
Q

low countries

A

belgium, luxemburg + the netherlands

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7
Q

battle of britain

A

1940 when germany tried to undermine GB in an air attack but loses

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8
Q

operation barbarossa

A

germanys plans to invade USSR in summer 1941

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9
Q

blitzkrieg

A

military technique of speed + surprise employed by the nazis so the opponent doesnt have time to regroup

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10
Q

maginot line

A

france’s main strategy in this war was : defence fortificatios built on the franco-german boarder.

the blitzkreig tore right through it

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11
Q

pearl harbour

A

a US military base in the pacific that was attacked by japan, “globasiling” the war

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12
Q

battle of the atlantic

A

naval struggle between gb and germany that ran throughout the whole war

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13
Q

turn of the tide

A

used to describe the allied military victories in the winter of 1942-43

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14
Q

final solution

A

an euphamism for nazi plan to eliminate all jews. became more of a blanket statement than a concrete plan

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15
Q

unconditional surrender

A

the only way out of this was to agree with the allies demand for unconditional surrender - they have to accept the negotiated peace otherwise roosevelt and churchilll arent having it

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16
Q

normandy allied landings

A

allied invasion of normandy referred to as DDay

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17
Q

albert speer

A

an example of a general who was convicted in the nuremberg trials & sentenced to 20 years in prison

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18
Q

wehrmacht

A

the name for the german armed forces 1935 onwards

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19
Q

blanket bombing

A

bonbardment of a large area done in a manner to inflict damage in every part of a selected city, without aiming for any specific place

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20
Q

dresden

A

controversial allied bombing on this city dresden. controversial because bombing doesn’t fit into the just war theory because it wasn’t a military city but a civilian city. the british claimed it was chosen because it was a centre of transportation

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21
Q

SS einsatzgruppen

A

paramilitary death squads of nazi germany that were by in large responsible for mass killings primarily by shooting, headed by heinrich himmler

22
Q

wannsee conference

A

jan 1942, they make the decision to go forth with the final solution

23
Q

auschwitz, sobibor + treblinka

A

a number of extermination camps that are in the top 4 nazi camp

24
Q

germanised

A

make germany & cause to adopt german language & customs

25
Q

lublin reservation

A

nisko plan: 95,000 jews were deported to the lublin reservation

26
Q

.

A

.

27
Q

ghettos

A

war made resettlement of jews harder to made happen & therefore ghettos were created

28
Q

resettlement

A

the initial attitude to jews before the final solution (extermination) was decided upon

29
Q

heinrich himmler

A

leading member of the nazi party & chief of police and later gestapo

30
Q

nuremberg laws

A

laws excluded German Jews from Reich citizenship and prohibited them from marrying or having sexual relations with persons of “German or related blood.”

31
Q

gypsies

A

hated by the nazis, travellers from the roma

32
Q

red army

A

west german far-left militant organisation founded in 1970

33
Q

rote kapelle

A

THE RED ORCHESTRA. the name Rote Kapelle was a cryptonym that was invented for a secret operation to anti nazi resistance workers. the loose network of resistance groups

34
Q

stauffenberg plot

A

a plot by senior-level German military officials to murder Adolf Hitler &then take control of his government failed when a bomb planted in a briefcase went off but did not kill the Nazi leader. on JULY 20TH 1944

35
Q

.

A

.

36
Q

zero hour / stunde null

A

the moment of full defeat of the nazis

37
Q

wartime conferences

A

between the allied countries. tehran 1943, yalta feb 1945, potsdam jul 1945

38
Q

allied control council in germany

A

was to deal with the central administration of the country, when the 4 powers was the governing body of the allied occupation zones in germany

39
Q

the four Ds

A

denazification, demilitarisation, democratisation, decentralism

40
Q

reparations

A

debt attributed to germany as punishment by allied powers $23bil

41
Q

temporary occupation zones

A

the plan made by the allies for germany to be split up into 4 occupation zones, to be run by different members of the allies

42
Q

.

A

.

43
Q

.

A

.

44
Q

the christian democrats

A

political ideology that emphasises the christian understanding of humans & their responsibility toward god

45
Q

ahlen programme

A

programme ran by christian democratic union that was openly critical of the hitler regime

46
Q

SMAD

A

soviet military administration in germany, the government of the SU occupation zone of germany after WW2

47
Q

collectivisation

A

under stalin, the peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farms (kolkhozy). The process was ultimately undertaken in conjunction with the campaign to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly.

48
Q

.

A

.

49
Q

ostmark

A

the basic monetary unit of the former german democratic rep

50
Q

deutsche mark

A

the official currency of west germany from 1948 until 1990

Y221 flashcards (4 decks)

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