topic 3 glossary - impact of war + defeat

Question 1

anschluss

Answer 1

translated as union. although the population of austria was wholly german, the versailles treaty outlawed any political union between germany & austria

Question 2

lebensraum

Answer 2

the ideal that germany needs to expand to neighbouring countries to have the amount of land they “deserve”

Question 3

munich agreement

Answer 3

Czechoslovakia must surrender its border regions and defenses to Nazi Germany.

German troops occupy these regions between October 1 and 10, 1938.

Question 4

nazi-soviet pact 1939

Answer 4

the two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years

ussr gives germany some aid with taking over poland

Question 5

phoney war

Answer 5

used to describe the war between sep 1939 to may 1940 when germany hadn’t yet attacked the western front

Question 6

low countries

Answer 6

belgium, luxemburg + the netherlands

Question 7

battle of britain

Answer 7

1940 when germany tried to undermine GB in an air attack but loses

Question 8

operation barbarossa

Answer 8

germanys plans to invade USSR in summer 1941

Question 9

blitzkrieg

Answer 9

military technique of speed + surprise employed by the nazis so the opponent doesnt have time to regroup

Question 10

maginot line

Answer 10

france’s main strategy in this war was : defence fortificatios built on the franco-german boarder.

the blitzkreig tore right through it

Question 11

pearl harbour

Answer 11

a US military base in the pacific that was attacked by japan, “globasiling” the war

Question 12

battle of the atlantic

Answer 12

naval struggle between gb and germany that ran throughout the whole war

Question 13

turn of the tide

Answer 13

used to describe the allied military victories in the winter of 1942-43

Question 14

final solution

Answer 14

an euphamism for nazi plan to eliminate all jews. became more of a blanket statement than a concrete plan

Question 15

unconditional surrender

Answer 15

the only way out of this was to agree with the allies demand for unconditional surrender - they have to accept the negotiated peace otherwise roosevelt and churchilll arent having it

Question 16

normandy allied landings

Answer 16

allied invasion of normandy referred to as DDay

Question 17

albert speer

Answer 17

an example of a general who was convicted in the nuremberg trials & sentenced to 20 years in prison

Question 18

wehrmacht

Answer 18

the name for the german armed forces 1935 onwards

Question 19

blanket bombing

Answer 19

bonbardment of a large area done in a manner to inflict damage in every part of a selected city, without aiming for any specific place

Question 20

dresden

Answer 20

controversial allied bombing on this city dresden. controversial because bombing doesn’t fit into the just war theory because it wasn’t a military city but a civilian city. the british claimed it was chosen because it was a centre of transportation

Question 21

SS einsatzgruppen

Answer 21

paramilitary death squads of nazi germany that were by in large responsible for mass killings primarily by shooting, headed by heinrich himmler

Question 22

wannsee conference

Answer 22

jan 1942, they make the decision to go forth with the final solution

Question 23

auschwitz, sobibor + treblinka

Answer 23

a number of extermination camps that are in the top 4 nazi camp

Question 24

germanised

Answer 24

make germany & cause to adopt german language & customs

Question 25

lublin reservation

Answer 25

nisko plan: 95,000 jews were deported to the lublin reservation

Question 26

.

Answer 26

.

Question 27

ghettos

Answer 27

war made resettlement of jews harder to made happen & therefore ghettos were created

Question 28

resettlement

Answer 28

the initial attitude to jews before the final solution (extermination) was decided upon

Question 29

heinrich himmler

Answer 29

leading member of the nazi party & chief of police and later gestapo

Question 30

nuremberg laws

Answer 30

laws excluded German Jews from Reich citizenship and prohibited them from marrying or having sexual relations with persons of "German or related blood."

Question 31

gypsies

Answer 31

hated by the nazis, travellers from the roma

Question 32

red army

Answer 32

west german far-left militant organisation founded in 1970

Question 33

rote kapelle

Answer 33

THE RED ORCHESTRA. the name Rote Kapelle was a cryptonym that was invented for a secret operation to anti nazi resistance workers. the loose network of resistance groups

Question 34

stauffenberg plot

Answer 34

a plot by senior-level German military officials to murder Adolf Hitler &then take control of his government failed when a bomb planted in a briefcase went off but did not kill the Nazi leader. on JULY 20TH 1944

Question 35

.

Answer 35

.

Question 36

zero hour / stunde null

Answer 36

the moment of full defeat of the nazis

Question 37

wartime conferences

Answer 37

between the allied countries. tehran 1943, yalta feb 1945, potsdam jul 1945

Question 38

allied control council in germany

Answer 38

was to deal with the central administration of the country, when the 4 powers was the governing body of the allied occupation zones in germany

Question 39

the four Ds

Answer 39

denazification, demilitarisation, democratisation, decentralism

Question 40

reparations

Answer 40

debt attributed to germany as punishment by allied powers $23bil

Question 41

temporary occupation zones

Answer 41

the plan made by the allies for germany to be split up into 4 occupation zones, to be run by different members of the allies

Question 42

.

Answer 42

.

Question 43

.

Answer 43

.

Question 44

the christian democrats

Answer 44

political ideology that emphasises the christian understanding of humans & their responsibility toward god

Question 45

ahlen programme

Answer 45

programme ran by christian democratic union that was openly critical of the hitler regime

Question 46

SMAD

Answer 46

soviet military administration in germany, the government of the SU occupation zone of germany after WW2

Question 47

collectivisation

Answer 47

under stalin, the peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farms (kolkhozy). The process was ultimately undertaken in conjunction with the campaign to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly.

Question 48

.

Answer 48

.

Question 49

ostmark

Answer 49

the basic monetary unit of the former german democratic rep

Question 50

deutsche mark

Answer 50

the official currency of west germany from 1948 until 1990