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Y221 flashcards > topic 2 glossary - nazi dictatorship + domestic policy > Flashcards

topic 2 glossary - nazi dictatorship + domestic policy Flashcards

1
Q

march 1935 what does hitler do that the generals really appreciate

A

hitler reintroduces consciprtion, thereby increasing the size of the army to 550,000

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2
Q

enabling act

A

1933, act which gave the chancellor the power to enact laws without talking to the reichstag

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3
Q

reichstag fire

A

an arson attack on the reichstag fire on 27. feb 1933 4 weeks after hitler was sworn in as chancellor. all blamed on marinus van der lubbe

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4
Q

dictatorship

A

wherein the whole govt is characterised by a single leader where there is little to no toleration for independent media

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5
Q

the legal revolution

A

how hitler made his dictatorship legal

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6
Q

gleichschaltung

A

the standardisation of political economic + social institutions

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7
Q

lander

A

regions within germany

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8
Q

gauleiters

A

party leader of a regional area branch of the nazi party

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9
Q

the night of the long knives

A

purge of nazi leaders by hitler on 30. june 1934.

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10
Q

the blood purge

A

june 1934, knight of the long knives where rohm and other SA leaders were executed

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11
Q

ernst rohm

A

founded the SA

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12
Q

SA

A

The nazi’s official paramilitary wing that upheld the nazi ideology prior to 1934

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13
Q

national socialist revolution

A

ideology that nazism encouraged, also called hitlerism

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14
Q

heinrich himmler

A

member of the nazi party; worked on the holocaust & the SS

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15
Q

reinhard heydrich

A

high ranking SS official + head of security + main architect of the holocaust

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16
Q

fruher

A

merging of chancellor of president, so person has absolute power

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17
Q

fuhrerprinzip

A

word to describe the fundemental basis of political authority in the govt of nazi germany. essentially, the fuhers word is above all written law

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18
Q

master of the third reich

A

third reich was the idea of german rule that would only grow

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19
Q

weak dictator

A

idea posed by mommsen who argued that hitler reacted to various social pressures rather than acting decisively

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20
Q

nacht und nebel, night and fog, nuit et broullaird

A

french docu about concentration camps

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21
Q

march converts

A

people that converted to the ideals of nazism only when it became necessary

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22
Q

federalism

A

mixed govt system with a central govt and regional govts

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23
Q

reich ministry of popular enlightenment

A

links to propaganda, nazi govt agency to enforce nazi ideology

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24
Q

oath of loyalty

A

The SS army had to pledge blind obedience + total commitment to the nazi cause

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25
Q

blomberg fritsch crisis 1937-38

A

hitler came to blomberg + fritsch (head
generals of the army ish) with plans of war + conquest. blomberg + frisch argue germany is not ready for war. hitler was not impressed by this show of cowardice!

blomberg + frisch are subsequently forced out of office as some gossip about their private lives is revelaed

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26
Q

hossbach conference

A

at which the blomberg fristch crisis happened

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27
Q

conscription

A

Forcing ish for men ages 18-50 to go to war in war times because they need soldiers

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28
Q

volksgemeinschaft

A

the peoples community

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29
Q

volksgenossen

A

german language term for fellow member a community

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30
Q

spirit of 1914

A

the idea that many german were excited for the WW1

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31
Q

aryans

A

The ideal german that german wanted the nation to be full of. Fit, blonde, blue eyes

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32
Q

weltanschaung

A

german for world view, and theirs was skewed

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33
Q

indoctrinate

A

force ones beliefs upon

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34
Q

hitler youth

A

after school activity to make germans that believed wholly in the power of the fruher, willing to sacrifice for the good of the country, were physically fit + be obidient.

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35
Q

league of german girls

A

for the ladies, gotta teach them to sew and be motherly

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36
Q

reich ministry of education

A

sector of govt that decided what was taught to the kids

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37
Q

national socialist teachers league

A

to replace trade unions

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38
Q

law for the restoration of the civil service 1933

A

civil servants who were non aryan were to retire, esp those that are jewish. one of the first anti semetic and racist rulings passed in the third reich

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39
Q

edelweiss pirates

A

working class kdis in cities going against the man. by doing funky fashion, parody songs, graffiti

1939 started doing leaflets and killed the head of the gestapo (??!!)

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40
Q

swing kids

A

rich kids workin against the nazi regime by adminiring american film, music, clothes, make up, drinking smoking, being nice to jews, spekaing in english

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41
Q

gender specific roles

A

The roles under which the genders are meant to fall traditionally: women being the home makers and child bearers, and men as the bread winners

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42
Q

patriarchal society

A

Wherein men’s opinions and wishes are places at the highest importance, also a society under which all those in power are men

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43
Q

three ks

A

The roles a woman was meant to embody and hold dear to her heard: the children , the kitchen and the church

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44
Q

the honour cross of german motherhood

A

State decoration conferred by the government of the german reich to honour german women. Gold was for a mum of 8 kids

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45
Q

national socialist womens organisation

A

women for hitler!

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46
Q

lebensborn programme

A

A state supported association in nazi Germany with the goal of raising the birth rate of aryan children of persons classified as racially pure and healthy. Women having children with SS officers to keep the kids going

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47
Q

reich church

A

An umbrella organisation of the protestant churches made by the nazis in attempts to bring all the protestants together

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48
Q

concordat

A

What the roman catholic church signed with the nazis, recogniseing the nazis as the ones in charge in exchange for the nazis promise to leave cathoic churches and youth groups alone – which they didn’t even go through with

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49
Q

confessional church

A

A church formed by 100 pastors breaking away from the reich church to create the confessional church in 1934 with aims to protect the protestant church against state interference

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50
Q

german faith movement

A

Established by the nazi party to undermine all the other churches. Encouraged to leave christiany + adopt the pagan rituals found in the german faith movement

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51
Q

how did the popes of the time react to hitler

A

signed concordat to let the nazis get away with everything

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52
Q

propaganda

A

information that comes from a biased place used to promote a political view

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53
Q

censorship

A

the supression / prohibition of any type of of art (books, film, newc etc.) that are considered (politically) unacceptable

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54
Q

goebbels

A

head of the propaganda ministry from 1933 on

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55
Q

propaganda ministry

A

Aim was the transform he very spirit itself to the extent that people and things are brought into a new relationship with one another. Also called the public enlightenment

56
Q

editors law 1933

A

forbids non aryans to work in journalism vomit

57
Q

reich film chamber of culture

A

any type of art had to be approved by the chamber whose head was goebbels

58
Q

reich chamber of literature

A

any type of writings had to be approved by the chamber whose head was goebbels, had to encourage nazi ideals

59
Q

jazz

A

american gross not allowed. also due to links with black community. nazis say no

60
Q

untermenschen

A

underpeople

61
Q

euthanasia

A

ending someones life because they want it to end

62
Q

sterilisation

A

Making it impossible for one to have offspring, the nazis sterlised anyone who didn’t fit the ideal german such as disabled, jewish

63
Q

law for the prevention of hereditary diseased offspring 1933

A

mandates forced sterilisation of certain individuals with mental + physical disabilities

64
Q

law against dangerous habitual criminals 1933

A

allows courts to order the indefinite imprisonment of habitual criminals if they deem the person dangerous to society. also provides for the castration of sex offenders (which at this time includes the gays)

65
Q

operation t4

A

nazi germany effort to kill incurably ill, physically or mentally disabled people to basically kill the dead wait. framed as euthanasia policy

66
Q

nuremberg race laws

A

laws excluded jews from reich citizenshop + prohibits them from marrying or shaggin germans

67
Q

kristallnacht

A

night of the broken glass. a pogrom against jews carried out by the SA - violent riot aimed at the expulsion of an ethnic or religious group

68
Q

ghettos

A

places of poverty meant to isolate and contain the jewish population

69
Q

einsatzgruppen

A

called mobile killing squads, a SS death squad responsible for the mass killings of jews

70
Q

final solution

A

the answer to the jewish question was a nazi plan for the genoicde of jews in WW2

71
Q

wannsee conference

A

where nazi officials met to plan the final solution, the killing of european jews

72
Q

genocide

A

Deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group to destroy

73
Q

holocaust

A

Genocide of the European Jews during world war 2. 6 million Jews killed, around 2/3 of europes jewish population

74
Q

shoah

A

hebrew word for the holocaust, literally meaning calamity

75
Q

nazi was an example of totalitarianism, meaning

A

a system of govt in which all power is centralised + does not allow for rival authorities

76
Q

dualism

A

system of govt in which two forces coext eg. nazi party + german state

77
Q

law for the restoration of the professional civil service was when and what

A

april 1933 - called for the removal of jews + well recognised opponents of the regime

78
Q

what happened to membership from 1933 to 1935 + what were the newbies known as

A

increased threefold; known as the march converts; some said they weakened the radical ideology of the party + as they diluted the party

79
Q

hitler tried to ackowledge dualism with this law

A

law to ensure the unity of party + state in december 1933. basically said the two were inseparable linked which is pretty useless

80
Q

oaths of loyalty were introduced when + for whom

A

by 1934, all civil servants + army members had to do the oath of loyalty to hitler

81
Q

what was the reich chancellery’s role + how did it come to struggle

A

role was coordinating govt; drawing up govt legislation + being the link between hitler + all other organisations

82
Q

changes made to the peoples court

A

in 1934, peoples court was established to try cases of high treason by a jury with only nazi party members

83
Q

changes made to the path to becoming a judge

A

anyone qualitfying to become a judge form 1939 onwards had to study national socialism + its ideological foundations

84
Q

decree nacht und nebel was issued when + meant what

A

in 1941, the power was given to ss-police to imprison without question anyone whom they deemed dangerous

85
Q

what was the initial role of the SS

A

in 1925 formed as a group of elite bodyguards with onyl 250 members

86
Q

how large did the SS grow + under whose supervision

A

to 52,000 by 1933, under the leadership of heinrich himmler

87
Q

night on the long knives date + whom

A

june 1934 + SA were killed/disbanded

88
Q

early work camps appeared when + for whom

A

initially for socialists + communists.

after 1936, they started sending anyone who wouldn’t conform

89
Q

how many people in work camps by 1939

A

21,000

90
Q

new order definition

A

a phrase used by the nazis to the economic, political + racial integration of europe under the third reich

91
Q

manpower of gestapo was limited

A

40,000 agents for the whole of germany

92
Q

aims of propaganda

A

glorify regime; spread nazi ideology

93
Q

you get a radio, you get a radio, you get a radio

A

by 1939, 70% of german homes had a radio

94
Q

berlin olympics, year + how goebbels described the opportunity

A

1936 + geobbels said it was a propaganda gold mine

95
Q

its not art for arts sake, its

A

another measure of achieving censorship + indoctrinations

96
Q

things the nazis loved in their art

A

anti semitism, militarism, absolutism

97
Q

something hitler did that made the army think he was on their side

A

reintroduced consciprtion in 1935, increased the size of the army to 550,000

98
Q

key features of the blomberg fritsch crisis

A

hitler came to blomberg + fritsch (head generals of the army ish) with plans of war + conquest. blomberg + frisch were not impressed, esp considering germany’s military unprepardness for war. hitler was not impressed by this show of cowardice, he doesn’t want weaklings in his place!
blomberg + frisch are subsequently forced out of office as some gossip about their private lives is revelaed: blomberg’s wife is rumoured to be a prostitute, ad fritsch is outed as gay (by himmler!!)

99
Q

time + place of the blomberg fritsch crisis

A

at the hossbach conference of november 1937

100
Q

assisstance for farmers as a part of the economic recovery plan

A

tariffs on imported produce, subsidies, grants for house repairs

101
Q

govt expenditure incresed by what % from 1933 to 1936

A

70%

102
Q

phrase used to highlight the controversial economic choice between rearmament and consumer goods

A

guns or butter

103
Q

word for german’s aim of self sufficiency

A

autarky

104
Q

four roots of schachts economic policy CARTS

A 
control of capital
assistance to small businesses
reichsmark currency
trade agreements (bilateral)
state investment
105
Q

evidence of success for schachts economic policy

A

GNP had grown by 40% by 1939 & unemployment had fallen from 6mil to 1.6mil

106
Q

evidence of failure for schachts economic policy

A

balance of payments problem & gold reserves remained low

107
Q

who was the four year plan spearheaded by, when, and what was the catchphrase

A

goring
1936
guns or butter

108
Q

four year plan summary

A

goring was an economic dictator - very tighly controlled

109
Q

four year plan focuses

A

increase in agricultural production
reduce balance of trade issue
increase raw materials

110
Q

asocials

A

undesirable under the nazi regime, people that didnt want to work or conform to nazi ideals

111
Q

three pillars of the police state

A

courts
SS + gestapo
concentraion camps

112
Q

SS leader + aims

A

himmler is leader

tasked with creating the new order + resettling ethnic germans

113
Q

stat about concentration camps

A

by jan 1945, 714,000 in camps

114
Q

volksgemeinschaft

A

the peoples community

115
Q

some aims of propaganda

A 
sustain morale
glorify war
glofy aryan race
spread nazi values
give advice eg. what to do in an air raid
promote careless talk idea
116
Q

leader of propaganda

A

geobbels, minister of public enlightenment

117
Q

main nazi views

A 
anti democratic
blame the jews
racial purity
heirarchy of races with slavs + jews at bottom
volksgemeinschaft
nationalism
118
Q

radio stat

A

by 1939 in 70% of homes

also in factories + cafes all over. they still play music tho cos they know their audience

119
Q

editors law 1933

A

cant print anything bad about nazis

120
Q

rituals promoted to create volksgemeinschaft

A

heil hitler
anthems
uniforms
public festivals eg.. hitlers bday

121
Q

gleichschaltung

A

nazification of society, merge the society + political values

122
Q

legal revolution

A

july 1933 nazi party is the only legal political party

123
Q

a non violent way nazi responded to opposition

A

changing plans

after criticism about kristellnacht, they made the anti jewish actions more secretive

124
Q

why so little opposition out and proud 3

A

economic miracle
terror
division of opposition meant things didnt get done

125
Q

fat list of opposition groups to nazi regime

A 
communists
social democrats
trade unions
churches
youth 
studets
conservatives
army
126
Q

when did opposition within the nazi regime begin

A

after the defeat of the war also stalingrad

127
Q

the battle of stalingrad 1943

A

grisly battle between russia and axis and germany
nearly two million people were killed or injured in the fighting

saw the turn of the tide of ww2 in favour of the allied countries

128
Q

opposition from the trade unions

A

striked in 35-36 and 45

129
Q

group of opposition communists

A

red orchestra - spies against nazis

130
Q

what issue did churches have nazis

A

rejected ideas of euthanasia

131
Q

why nazism + catholicism clashed

A

jesus was jewish

against values of war, violence

132
Q

why nazism + catholics got on sometimes

A

traditional values + fear of communsim

133
Q

opposition bishops

A

set up confessional church in 1935 with 7000 pastors support

134
Q

nazism relgious brand

A

teutonic pagansim

135
Q

concordat

A

signed between hitler + rom in jul 1933

agreement to stay out of each others business

136
Q

persecution of christians increases

A

navity plays are banned, some church schools are closed, some have to take down their crucifixes

137
Q

german faith movement success?

A

only 5% of public

Y221 flashcards (4 decks)

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