topic 2 glossary - nazi dictatorship + domestic policy Flashcards
1
Q
march 1935 what does hitler do that the generals really appreciate
A
hitler reintroduces consciprtion, thereby increasing the size of the army to 550,000
2
Q
enabling act
A
1933, act which gave the chancellor the power to enact laws without talking to the reichstag
3
Q
reichstag fire
A
an arson attack on the reichstag fire on 27. feb 1933 4 weeks after hitler was sworn in as chancellor. all blamed on marinus van der lubbe
4
Q
dictatorship
A
wherein the whole govt is characterised by a single leader where there is little to no toleration for independent media
5
Q
the legal revolution
A
how hitler made his dictatorship legal
6
Q
gleichschaltung
A
the standardisation of political economic + social institutions
7
Q
lander
A
regions within germany
8
Q
gauleiters
A
party leader of a regional area branch of the nazi party
9
Q
the night of the long knives
A
purge of nazi leaders by hitler on 30. june 1934.
10
Q
the blood purge
A
june 1934, knight of the long knives where rohm and other SA leaders were executed
11
Q
ernst rohm
A
founded the SA
12
Q
SA
A
The nazi’s official paramilitary wing that upheld the nazi ideology prior to 1934
13
Q
national socialist revolution
A
ideology that nazism encouraged, also called hitlerism
14
Q
heinrich himmler
A
member of the nazi party; worked on the holocaust & the SS
15
Q
reinhard heydrich
A
high ranking SS official + head of security + main architect of the holocaust
16
Q
fruher
A
merging of chancellor of president, so person has absolute power
17
Q
fuhrerprinzip
A
word to describe the fundemental basis of political authority in the govt of nazi germany. essentially, the fuhers word is above all written law
18
Q
master of the third reich
A
third reich was the idea of german rule that would only grow
19
Q
weak dictator
A
idea posed by mommsen who argued that hitler reacted to various social pressures rather than acting decisively
20
Q
nacht und nebel, night and fog, nuit et broullaird
A
french docu about concentration camps
21
Q
march converts
A
people that converted to the ideals of nazism only when it became necessary
22
Q
federalism
A
mixed govt system with a central govt and regional govts
23
Q
reich ministry of popular enlightenment
A
links to propaganda, nazi govt agency to enforce nazi ideology
24
Q
oath of loyalty
A
The SS army had to pledge blind obedience + total commitment to the nazi cause
25
blomberg fritsch crisis 1937-38
hitler came to blomberg + fritsch (head
generals of the army ish) with plans of war + conquest. blomberg + frisch argue germany is not ready for war. hitler was not impressed by this show of cowardice!
blomberg + frisch are subsequently forced out of office as some gossip about their private lives is revelaed
26
hossbach conference
at which the blomberg fristch crisis happened
27
conscription
Forcing ish for men ages 18-50 to go to war in war times because they need soldiers
28
volksgemeinschaft
the peoples community
29
volksgenossen
german language term for fellow member a community
30
spirit of 1914
the idea that many german were excited for the WW1
31
aryans
The ideal german that german wanted the nation to be full of. Fit, blonde, blue eyes
32
weltanschaung
german for world view, and theirs was skewed
33
indoctrinate
force ones beliefs upon
34
hitler youth
after school activity to make germans that believed wholly in the power of the fruher, willing to sacrifice for the good of the country, were physically fit + be obidient.
35
league of german girls
for the ladies, gotta teach them to sew and be motherly
36
reich ministry of education
sector of govt that decided what was taught to the kids
37
national socialist teachers league
to replace trade unions
38
law for the restoration of the civil service 1933
civil servants who were non aryan were to retire, esp those that are jewish. one of the first anti semetic and racist rulings passed in the third reich
39
edelweiss pirates
working class kdis in cities going against the man. by doing funky fashion, parody songs, graffiti
1939 started doing leaflets and killed the head of the gestapo (??!!)
40
swing kids
rich kids workin against the nazi regime by adminiring american film, music, clothes, make up, drinking smoking, being nice to jews, spekaing in english
41
gender specific roles
The roles under which the genders are meant to fall traditionally: women being the home makers and child bearers, and men as the bread winners
42
patriarchal society
Wherein men’s opinions and wishes are places at the highest importance, also a society under which all those in power are men
43
three ks
The roles a woman was meant to embody and hold dear to her heard: the children , the kitchen and the church
44
the honour cross of german motherhood
State decoration conferred by the government of the german reich to honour german women. Gold was for a mum of 8 kids
45
national socialist womens organisation
women for hitler!
46
lebensborn programme
A state supported association in nazi Germany with the goal of raising the birth rate of aryan children of persons classified as racially pure and healthy. Women having children with SS officers to keep the kids going
47
reich church
An umbrella organisation of the protestant churches made by the nazis in attempts to bring all the protestants together
48
concordat
What the roman catholic church signed with the nazis, recogniseing the nazis as the ones in charge in exchange for the nazis promise to leave cathoic churches and youth groups alone – which they didn’t even go through with
49
confessional church
A church formed by 100 pastors breaking away from the reich church to create the confessional church in 1934 with aims to protect the protestant church against state interference
50
german faith movement
Established by the nazi party to undermine all the other churches. Encouraged to leave christiany + adopt the pagan rituals found in the german faith movement
51
how did the popes of the time react to hitler
signed concordat to let the nazis get away with everything
52
propaganda
information that comes from a biased place used to promote a political view
53
censorship
the supression / prohibition of any type of of art (books, film, newc etc.) that are considered (politically) unacceptable
54
goebbels
head of the propaganda ministry from 1933 on
55
propaganda ministry
Aim was the transform he very spirit itself to the extent that people and things are brought into a new relationship with one another. Also called the public enlightenment
56
editors law 1933
forbids non aryans to work in journalism vomit
57
reich film chamber of culture
any type of art had to be approved by the chamber whose head was goebbels
58
reich chamber of literature
any type of writings had to be approved by the chamber whose head was goebbels, had to encourage nazi ideals
59
jazz
american gross not allowed. also due to links with black community. nazis say no
60
untermenschen
underpeople
61
euthanasia
ending someones life because they want it to end
62
sterilisation
Making it impossible for one to have offspring, the nazis sterlised anyone who didn’t fit the ideal german such as disabled, jewish
63
law for the prevention of hereditary diseased offspring 1933
mandates forced sterilisation of certain individuals with mental + physical disabilities
64
law against dangerous habitual criminals 1933
allows courts to order the indefinite imprisonment of habitual criminals if they deem the person dangerous to society. also provides for the castration of sex offenders (which at this time includes the gays)
65
operation t4
nazi germany effort to kill incurably ill, physically or mentally disabled people to basically kill the dead wait. framed as euthanasia policy
66
nuremberg race laws
laws excluded jews from reich citizenshop + prohibits them from marrying or shaggin germans
67
kristallnacht
night of the broken glass. a pogrom against jews carried out by the SA - violent riot aimed at the expulsion of an ethnic or religious group
68
ghettos
places of poverty meant to isolate and contain the jewish population
69
einsatzgruppen
called mobile killing squads, a SS death squad responsible for the mass killings of jews
70
final solution
the answer to the jewish question was a nazi plan for the genoicde of jews in WW2
71
wannsee conference
where nazi officials met to plan the final solution, the killing of european jews
72
genocide
Deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group to destroy
73
holocaust
Genocide of the European Jews during world war 2. 6 million Jews killed, around 2/3 of europes jewish population
74
shoah
hebrew word for the holocaust, literally meaning calamity
75
nazi was an example of totalitarianism, meaning
a system of govt in which all power is centralised + does not allow for rival authorities
76
dualism
system of govt in which two forces coext eg. nazi party + german state
77
law for the restoration of the professional civil service was when and what
april 1933 - called for the removal of jews + well recognised opponents of the regime
78
what happened to membership from 1933 to 1935 + what were the newbies known as
increased threefold; known as the march converts; some said they weakened the radical ideology of the party + as they diluted the party
79
hitler tried to ackowledge dualism with this law
law to ensure the unity of party + state in december 1933. basically said the two were inseparable linked which is pretty useless
80
oaths of loyalty were introduced when + for whom
by 1934, all civil servants + army members had to do the oath of loyalty to hitler
81
what was the reich chancellery's role + how did it come to struggle
role was coordinating govt; drawing up govt legislation + being the link between hitler + all other organisations
82
changes made to the peoples court
in 1934, peoples court was established to try cases of high treason by a jury with only nazi party members
83
changes made to the path to becoming a judge
anyone qualitfying to become a judge form 1939 onwards had to study national socialism + its ideological foundations
84
decree nacht und nebel was issued when + meant what
in 1941, the power was given to ss-police to imprison without question anyone whom they deemed dangerous
85
what was the initial role of the SS
in 1925 formed as a group of elite bodyguards with onyl 250 members
86
how large did the SS grow + under whose supervision
to 52,000 by 1933, under the leadership of heinrich himmler
87
night on the long knives date + whom
june 1934 + SA were killed/disbanded
88
early work camps appeared when + for whom
initially for socialists + communists.
| after 1936, they started sending anyone who wouldn't conform
89
how many people in work camps by 1939
21,000
90
new order definition
a phrase used by the nazis to the economic, political + racial integration of europe under the third reich
91
manpower of gestapo was limited
40,000 agents for the whole of germany
92
aims of propaganda
glorify regime; spread nazi ideology
93
you get a radio, you get a radio, you get a radio
by 1939, 70% of german homes had a radio
94
berlin olympics, year + how goebbels described the opportunity
1936 + geobbels said it was a propaganda gold mine
95
its not art for arts sake, its
another measure of achieving censorship + indoctrinations
96
things the nazis loved in their art
anti semitism, militarism, absolutism
97
something hitler did that made the army think he was on their side
reintroduced consciprtion in 1935, increased the size of the army to 550,000
98
key features of the blomberg fritsch crisis
hitler came to blomberg + fritsch (head generals of the army ish) with plans of war + conquest. blomberg + frisch were not impressed, esp considering germany's military unprepardness for war. hitler was not impressed by this show of cowardice, he doesn’t want weaklings in his place!
blomberg + frisch are subsequently forced out of office as some gossip about their private lives is revelaed: blomberg's wife is rumoured to be a prostitute, ad fritsch is outed as gay (by himmler!!)
99
time + place of the blomberg fritsch crisis
at the hossbach conference of november 1937
100
assisstance for farmers as a part of the economic recovery plan
tariffs on imported produce, subsidies, grants for house repairs
101
govt expenditure incresed by what % from 1933 to 1936
70%
102
phrase used to highlight the controversial economic choice between rearmament and consumer goods
guns or butter
103
word for german's aim of self sufficiency
autarky
104
four roots of schachts economic policy CARTS
```
control of capital
assistance to small businesses
reichsmark currency
trade agreements (bilateral)
state investment
```
105
evidence of success for schachts economic policy
GNP had grown by 40% by 1939 & unemployment had fallen from 6mil to 1.6mil
106
evidence of failure for schachts economic policy
balance of payments problem & gold reserves remained low
107
who was the four year plan spearheaded by, when, and what was the catchphrase
goring
1936
guns or butter
108
four year plan summary
goring was an economic dictator - very tighly controlled
109
four year plan focuses
increase in agricultural production
reduce balance of trade issue
increase raw materials
110
asocials
undesirable under the nazi regime, people that didnt want to work or conform to nazi ideals
111
three pillars of the police state
courts
SS + gestapo
concentraion camps
112
SS leader + aims
himmler is leader
tasked with creating the new order + resettling ethnic germans
113
stat about concentration camps
by jan 1945, 714,000 in camps
114
volksgemeinschaft
the peoples community
115
some aims of propaganda
```
sustain morale
glorify war
glofy aryan race
spread nazi values
give advice eg. what to do in an air raid
promote careless talk idea
```
116
leader of propaganda
geobbels, minister of public enlightenment
117
main nazi views
```
anti democratic
blame the jews
racial purity
heirarchy of races with slavs + jews at bottom
volksgemeinschaft
nationalism
```
118
radio stat
by 1939 in 70% of homes
also in factories + cafes all over. they still play music tho cos they know their audience
119
editors law 1933
cant print anything bad about nazis
120
rituals promoted to create volksgemeinschaft
heil hitler
anthems
uniforms
public festivals eg.. hitlers bday
121
gleichschaltung
nazification of society, merge the society + political values
122
legal revolution
july 1933 nazi party is the only legal political party
123
a non violent way nazi responded to opposition
changing plans
after criticism about kristellnacht, they made the anti jewish actions more secretive
124
why so little opposition out and proud 3
economic miracle
terror
division of opposition meant things didnt get done
125
fat list of opposition groups to nazi regime
```
communists
social democrats
trade unions
churches
youth
studets
conservatives
army
```
126
when did opposition within the nazi regime begin
after the defeat of the war also stalingrad
127
the battle of stalingrad 1943
grisly battle between russia and axis and germany
nearly two million people were killed or injured in the fighting
saw the turn of the tide of ww2 in favour of the allied countries
128
opposition from the trade unions
striked in 35-36 and 45
129
group of opposition communists
red orchestra - spies against nazis
130
what issue did churches have nazis
rejected ideas of euthanasia
131
why nazism + catholicism clashed
jesus was jewish
| against values of war, violence
132
why nazism + catholics got on sometimes
traditional values + fear of communsim
133
opposition bishops
set up confessional church in 1935 with 7000 pastors support
134
nazism relgious brand
teutonic pagansim
135
concordat
signed between hitler + rom in jul 1933
agreement to stay out of each others business
136
persecution of christians increases
navity plays are banned, some church schools are closed, some have to take down their crucifixes
137
german faith movement success?
only 5% of public
