X-rays

Question 1

how are x-rays produced

Answer 1

produced when charge particles are rapidly decelerated and their kinetic energy is transformed into high frequency photons of em radiation

Question 2

X-ray tubes

Answer 2

• electrons are emitted from a filament
• high potential difference accelerates electrons between the filament and the anode
• if they have enough energy they hit the anode
• the decelerate massively emitted X-rays

Question 3

purpose of vacuum

Answer 3

so that the electrons do not collide with gas molecules and lose energy

Question 4

simple scattering

Answer 4

low energy x-rays will be scattered as the energy of the x-ray photon is not sufficient to cause ionisation

Question 5

photoelectric effect

Answer 5

when electrons have sam energy as the ionising energies of the atoms, then when the x-ray is absorbed by the atom a photoelectron is released

Question 6

Compton scattering

Answer 6

as the x-ray comes in and collides with an electron, the electron is ejected with a small amount of its kinetic energy lost by the x-ray photon and a photon of the remaining energy is emitted.

they are scattered in different directions and the greater the deflection the greater the loss of energy of the photon

Question 7

pair production

Answer 7

when high energy X-rays passes through electric field of an atom there is a chance that they will produce and electron positron bond via mass energy relation

positron will then go on to collide with another electron and annihilate releasing photons of energy