X-ray production interaction with matter

Question 1

Penetration passes through unchanged due to two factors:

Answer 1

1. x-rays are electrically neutral (not affected by e- or + nucleus)
2. Atoms consist mainly of empty space

Question 2

The probability of penetration increases with:

Answer 2

A. higher quantity of short wavelength radiation (high frequency)
B. less tissue thickness
c. lower tissue density (Z)

Question 3

Higher quantity of short wavelength radiation (high frequency) increases

Answer 3

Kvp, filtration, z of the target

Question 4

Attenuation due to 3 factors

Answer 4

A. absorption of part of the primary beam within atoms of the body with resultant formation of secondary radiation
B.part of the radiation undergoes a change in direction with resultant formation of scatter radiation (compton, coherent)
C. inverse square law

Question 5

Attenuation: exposure rate _____

Answer 5

decreases

Question 6

Photoelectric effect (true absorption) results in

Answer 6

A. Characteristic radiation (true secondary radiation)
B. Photoelectron (neg Ion)
C. Positive ion

Question 7

The probability of photoelectric effect increases with:

Answer 7

a. having atoms with a high Z
b. the incident photon having a KeV equal or slightly greater than the binding energy of the inner shell electron
c. lower energy x-ray photons

Question 8

Compton interaction (compton effect, compton, modified scatter) modified in two ways:

Answer 8

Energy of it and the direction it goes

Question 9

Compton interaction results

Answer 9

A. scattered photon (aka compton photon)
B. Recoil Electron
C. positive Ion

Question 10

The energy or the scattered photon will be dependent in its _________

Answer 10

angle of deflection

Question 11

If the photon just glances off the e- and is scattered by a small angle, it will retain at _____ of its original energy

Answer 11

large amount

Question 12

The larger the angle, the less energy it will reatin and the ___ energy is transmitted to recoil electrons

Answer 12

more

Question 13

THe scatter photon will retain up to____ of its original energy

Answer 13

~2/3

Question 14

What happens to the scattered photon?

Answer 14

A. i can be transmitted through matter
b. it can be absorbed in a photoelectric interaction with another atom
C. it may result in further compton interactions

Question 15

The probability of compton scatter is a complex function of _____________________________.

Answer 15

the energy of the incident x-ray

Question 16

In general the probability of the compton effect decreases a x-rays energy ___________

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

As KVP is increased, the probability of compton interaction _______

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

The probability of compton scattering ____________ depend on the z# of the atom involved

Answer 18

does not

Question 19

WIth higher KVP, the compton photons that do occur have_____energy, and tend to be scattered more and more in a _____ direction, increasing the likelihood of their possing completely through the body and reaching the image receptor

Answer 19

more; forward

Question 20

Constitutes the scattered radiation which in radiology, impairs image contrast by an overall fogging effect–> a form of noise that degrades _______

Answer 20

recorded detail