X-ray emission

Question 1

The number of X-rays in the beam

Answer 1

quantity

Question 2

the penetrability of the beam

Answer 2

quality

Question 3

The primary beam is characterized by

Answer 3

Quantity and quality

Question 4

quantity aka

Answer 4

Intensity and radiation exposure

Question 5

Factors that affect quantity

Answer 5

mAs

Question 6

X-ray quantity is ________ proportional to mAs

Answer 6

directly

Question 7

Double the mAs =

Answer 7

double the intensity

Question 8

Quantity is _______ to square of the ratio of the Kvp

Answer 8

proportional

Question 9

distance: quantity varies _______as the quare of the distance from the target

Answer 9

inversely

Question 10

Quantity is reduced by removing low-energy x-rays

Answer 10

filtration

Question 11

The low-energy x-rays contribute

_______ useful to the image. They only ______ pt. dose unnecessarily

Answer 11

nothing; increase

Question 12

Quality AKA

Answer 12

energy; penetrating ability

Question 13

Distance and mAs

_____ affect quality

Answer 13

do not

Question 14

Factors that affect x-ray beam quality also influence __________.

Answer 14

radiographic contrast

Question 15

The quality of x-rays is measured by the _____.

Answer 15

half-value layer

Question 16

the thickness of absorbing material necessary to reduce the x-ray intensity to 1/2 of its original value

Answer 16

HVL of an x-ray beam

Question 17

A diagnostic x-ray beam usually has HVL in the range of _____mmAl or ____ of soft tissue

Answer 17

3-5mm Al; 3-6cm

Question 18

HVL is normally determined _________

Answer 18

experimentally

Question 19

Quality is increased as KVP is ____________

Answer 19

increased

Question 20

Quality is increased with _____ filtration

Answer 20

increasing

Question 21

primary purpose of filtration is to ______________

Answer 21

remove low energy x-rays

Question 22

Aluminum is primarily used due to:

Answer 22

efficiency- photoelectric effect, avalibility and cost

Question 23

Inherent filtation

Answer 23

glass or metal enclosure

Question 24

Since x-ray tube window is very thin, this provides for __________

Answer 24

low inherent filtration

Question 25

Tube starts out with _____mm Al equivalent and it increases with age due to_____

Answer 25

~.5; sunburning effect

Question 26

added filtration

Answer 26

a thin sheet of Al between the tube housing nad the collimator

Question 27

Added filtration shifts the emission spectrum to the _______________

Answer 27

high energy side

Question 28

Added filtration attenuates x-rays of all energies, but lower energy rays are _______

Answer 28

attenuated more

Question 29

used to produce a uniform intensity on the image receptor when imaging body parts that vary greatly in thickness

Answer 29

compensating filters

Question 30

Wedge filter

Answer 30

the most common

Question 31

Found by adding the thicknesses of the various filters in the tube, collimator housing, and compensating filters

Answer 31

total filtratration

Question 32

The total number of xrays emitted is _________ to the area under the cure of the xray emission spectrum

Answer 32

equivalent

Question 33

The general shape of the emission spectrum is always the _______. but the position along the _________ can change

Answer 33

same; energy axis

Question 34

Factors that can change the shape of the curve are

Answer 34

Ma/mAs, KVP, added filtration

Question 35

mA/mAs: the ________ the quantity of these, the __________will be all point on the curve.

Answer 35

Greater (less); higher (lower)

Question 36

KVP: The higher the quantity, the area under the curve______. this will _______ both the quantity of xrays produced and the quality

Answer 36

Increases, increase

Question 37

added filtration: This will ____ beam intensity while ________ average energy

Answer 37

reduce; increasing

Question 38

Filtration more effectively absorbs low-energy xrays than high energy xrays: THe breams spectrum is ______ more on the left than the right

Answer 38

reduced

Question 39

Target material

Answer 39

increasing target atomic number (Z) enhances the efficiency of x-ray production and the energy of characteristic and bremsstrahlung x-rays

Question 40

Voltage waveform

Answer 40

Quantity and quality of the beam will both be affected by the type of voltage waveform used