Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RTCA244 Image production 2 > matter and fundamentals > Flashcards

matter and fundamentals Flashcards

LEARN THIS CRAP

1
Q

Matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass/inertia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atom

A

all matter is composed of fundamental building blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a primary characteristic of matter?

A

Mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The quantity of matter remains unchanged regardless of its state. But it can be transformed from

A

one size, shape, and form to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is energy?

A

ability to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The unit of energy in radiology is:

A

electron volt {eV}

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Potential energy (PE)

A

the ability to do work by virtue of position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Formula for potential energy

A

PE=mgh
M=mass
H= distance above earth
G= acceleration due gravity (9.8 m/s2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Kinetic energy (KE)

A

the energy of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Formula Kinetic energy (KE)

A

KE= 1/2 mv^2

m=mass
v=velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The work that can be done when an electron moves through an electric potential difference (volatage)

A

electrical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • Energy of motion at the molecular level

- it is the kinetic energy of molecules

A

Thermal energy (heat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom

A

nuclear energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

controlled nuclear energy

A

nuclear reactor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

uncontrolled energy of the nuclear energy

A

atomic bomb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

energy that is transmitted through space as a combination of electric and magnetic field

A

electromagnetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the most important energy in the field of radiology?

A

Electromagnetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Another name for electromagnetic energy:

A

radiant energy or radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts

A

ionizing radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Interaction between radiation and matter

A

ionization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are interchangeable?

A

matter and energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

matter and energy was first described by

A

albert einstein in the theory of relativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

mass-energy equivalence equation

A

E=mc2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 basic measurable quantities

A

length, mass, time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

unit of Length

A

based on meter. which used to be the distance between two engraved lines on a platinum-iridium bar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

1mm = ____m

A

.001

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

1cm= ___m

A

.01m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

1km=____m

A

1000m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Unit of mass

A

kilogram
1 kg = the mass of 1000 cm3 of water
at 4o C.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

unit of time

A

second

It is based on the vibration of Cesium atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
  • a measure of how fast an object is moving

- the rate of change of its position with time

A

Velocity (speed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Formula for velocity

A

v=d/t
D=distance
t= time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

FPF

A

furlongs per fortnight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

FPS

A

feet per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

MPH

A

miles per hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

the rate of change of velocity

A

acceleration

it is a measure of how quickly or slowly the velocity is changing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

formula for acceleration

A

A= Vf-Vi/t

vf= final velocity
Vi= initial velocity
t= time
38
Q

Newton’s Laws of motion: First law

A

A body will remain at rest or will continue to move with constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force.

39
Q

Newton’s Laws of motion: Second law

A

The force (F) that acts on an object is equal to the mass (m) of the object times the acceleration (a) produced. F = ma

40
Q

Newton’s Laws of Motion: third law

A

For every action, there is an equal an opposite reaction.

41
Q

The force on a body due to the pull of gravity.

A

Weight

WT.= mg

42
Q

The value of acceleration due to gravity on the moon

is only about _______ that on the Earth.

A

1/6

43
Q

Defined as the force applied to an object times the distance over which it is applied.

A

work

44
Q

formula for work

A

W = Fd

45
Q

The rate of doing work

A

power

46
Q

formula for power

A

P= work/t=fd/t

47
Q

The KE of the random motion of molecules.

A

Heat

48
Q

Unit of heat

A

Calorie; defined as the heat
necessary to raise the temperature of 1g of water
1oC.

49
Q

Numeric prefixes

A 
Mega:  one million (106)
Kilo:  one thousand (103)
Centi:  one one-hundreth (10-2)
Milli:  one one-thousandth (10-3)
Micro:  one one-millionth (10-6)
50
Q

matter is usually found in nature in __________ form, as a mixture of ________ composition.

A

impure, indefinite

51
Q

the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristic properties of the element

A

atom

52
Q

The Smallest Subdivision of a substance having the Characteristic properties of that substance.

A

molecule

53
Q

Any material that has a definite, constant composition.

A

substance

54
Q

Simple substance

A

Elements — cannot be decomposed to simpler substances by ordinary means. [Na, Fe, Pb, O2, H2, W(tungstun)]

55
Q

Complex substance

A

-formed by chemical union of two or more elements in definite Proportions (NaCl, H2O, HCl, H2SO4
C22H12O11).
-These can be decomposed by chemical (or other) means.

56
Q

Greek word for Atom

A

Atomos which means uncut

57
Q

Most widely held theory of atomic structure is the ____________. First proposed in ______ by _______.

A

Bohr Atom; 1913; niels bohr

58
Q

Protons

A

-positively charged
-Small mass (1.6 x 10-24g) (~ 1850 x mass of e-)
-

59
Q

All protons are _____, but each element has its own _______ _______ of protons.

A

identical; characteristic number

60
Q

Neutrons

A
  • no charge

- same mass as proton; (1.6 x 10-24g)

61
Q

The positively charged nucleus contains most of the _____ of the atom.

A

MASS

62
Q

Electron

A
  • negatively charged
  • extremely small mass
  • orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels/orbits/shells
63
Q

Shell start with the letter:

A

K

64
Q

formula for maximum number of electrons in a shell

A

2N^2

65
Q

Neutral atom

A

one in which the total number of orbital electrons equals the total number of protons in the nucleus.

66
Q

Atomic Number

A
  • The # of protons in the nucleus.
  • The “atomic number” of each element distinguishes it from all other elements
  • symbolized by “ Z”
67
Q

Mass number

A

majority of the mass is in its nucleus (protons and neutrons)
symbolized by “A”

68
Q

Chemical Symbols

A

The shorthand notation used to denote a specific element or isotope of an element.

X-is the generic symbol for the elements

69
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms of the same element having different mass numbers

Difference is in the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

70
Q

Isobars

A

Two or more atoms with the same atomic weight (mass #) but with different atomic numbers.

71
Q

Isomers

A

Two or more atoms with the same molecular formula, but different physical and chemical properties

72
Q

Isotones

A

Two or more atoms with the same # of neutrons but having different # of protons in the nucleus.

73
Q

Same Z#; different A#; #neutrons different

A

isotope

74
Q

<p>

| Different Z#, same A#; #neutrons different</p>

A

<p>

| isobars</p>

75
Q

Same Z#; same A; #neutrons same

A

isomers

76
Q

Different z#, Different A#, #neutons same

A

isotones

77
Q

The energy required to remove an e- from a particular shell and beyond the range of the nucleus

A

binding energy

78
Q

The closer a shell is to the nucleus the______ the binding energy

A

GREATER

79
Q

The higher the z#, the _____ the binding energy.

A

GREATER

80
Q

The property of elements that is determined by the number of e- in the Outer shell.

A

CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR

81
Q

Octet Rule

A

An atom tends to be chemically stable when its outer shell contains exactly 8 e-.

The only exception to this is Helium with 2 e- in the outer shell.

82
Q

Ions

A

Atoms that either lose or gain electrons. Positive ion-lose electron Negative ion-gain

83
Q

Valance

A

The number of e- lost, gained, or shared by an atom in chemical combination.

84
Q

Bond

A

Two or more elements are joined together by one of

several different types of chemical bonds.

85
Q

Ionic bond

A

Bond between 2 ions. It is a transfer of e- between the elements.

86
Q

Covalent bond

A

Sharing of e- between 2 or more atoms

87
Q

Ionization

A

The process of converting atoms to ions.

Produced exclusively by the addition or removal of outer shell electrons

88
Q

Types of ionization

A
  1. Exposure of matter to X-rays of Gamma Rays
  2. Exposure of matter to a stream of electrons. Ex. Cathode to anode
  3. Exposure of certain elements to light. Ex fluoro
  4. Thermionic emission ex. Cathode, space charge
89
Q

Group Number of periodic table

A

represent the outer shell, how many electrons in the outer shell

90
Q

Period number of the periodic table

A

period number represent how many electrons shells they have

RTCA244 Image production 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions