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Jerry's Image Production > X-ray Emission Spectrum Ch 7 > Flashcards

X-ray Emission Spectrum Ch 7 Flashcards

1
Q

The primary beam is characterized by…

A

Quantity and Quality

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2
Q

What is the quantity of the beam?

A

The number of x-rays in the beam

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3
Q

What is the quality of the beam?

A

The penetrability of the beam

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4
Q

Quantity is also known as…

A

Intensity and radiation exposure

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5
Q

What is quantity measured in?

A

Roentgens or milliroentgens

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6
Q

Quantity is ______ proportional to mAs.

A

Directly

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7
Q

What is the ratio of x-ray quantity and mAs?

A

I1 = mAs 1
_________
I2= mAs2

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8
Q

If you double the mAs, what happens to the intensity?

A

You double the intensity

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9
Q

What is the ratio of x-ray quantity and kVp?

A

I1= (kVp1)2
_________
I2 = (kVp2)2

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10
Q

Quantity is proportional to the _____ of the ratio of the kVp.

A

Square

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11
Q

What is used to determine how kVp affects the quantity?

A

15% rule

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12
Q

What is the 15% rule?

A

If you increase the kVp by 15% you will double the mAs/ density on the image

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13
Q

What would happen to the density if you decrease the kVp by 15%?

A

You would half the mAs/ density

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14
Q

Quantity varies _____ as the square of the distance from the target.

A

Inversely

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15
Q

What is the square law?

A

mAs1 = (SID1)2
____________
mAs2 = (SID2)2

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16
Q

To maintain a constant exposure to the image receptor when SID changes, _____ must be increased by the SID2.

A

mAs

17
Q

What are factors that affect quantity?

A
  1. mAs
  2. kVp
  3. Distance
  4. Filtration
18
Q

What does filtration do to x-rays?

A

The quantity is reduced by removing low energy x-rays.

19
Q

Why would you want to remove low energy photons?

A

Because they only increase pt. dose

20
Q

What factors affect quality?

A
  1. kVp

2. Filtration

21
Q

Factors that affect x-ray beam quality also influence radiographic ________.

A

Contrast

22
Q

______ and mAs do not affect quality.

A

Distance

23
Q

In radiography the quality of x-rays are measured in _____.

A

HVL

24
Q

The HVL of an x-ray beam is the thickness of absorbing material necessary to reduce the x-ray _____ to 1/2 of its original value

A

Intensity

25
Q

A diagnostic x-ray beam usually has an HVL in the range of _____ AL or 3-6 cm of soft tissue

A

3-5mm

26
Q

Quality is increased as ___ is increased.

A

kVp

27
Q

An increase in ______ will effect the x-ray emission spectrum to shift to the high energy side (to the right of the curve) indicating an increase in the effective energy of the beam.

A

kVp

28
Q

An increase in kVp also causes an increase in ____.

A

HVL

29
Q

Quality is increased with increased _______.

A

Filtration

30
Q

What is the primary purpose of filtration?

A

To remove low energy photons

31
Q

Why is aluminum primarily used?

A
  1. Efficiency- Photoelectric effect
  2. Availability
  3. Cost
32
Q

What are the types of filtration?

A
  1. Inherent filtration
  2. Added filtration
  3. Compensating filters
  4. Total filtration
33
Q

What is inherent filtration?

A

Glass or metal enclosure of the tube

34
Q

The tube starts with ____ AL equivalent filtration.

A

.5mm

35
Q

Inherent filtration will increase with age due to…

A

Sunburning

36
Q

What is added filtration?

A

Something that is placed between the tube and the collimator (usually AL)

37
Q

What are compensating filters?

A

Used to produce a uniform intensity on the image receptor when imaging body parts of varying thicknesses

38
Q

How is total filtration found?

A

By adding the thicknesses of the filters in the tube, collimator housing and compensating filters

39
Q

What is the most common compensating filter?

A

Wedge

Jerry's Image Production (8 decks)

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