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Jerry's Image Production > The Structure of Matter > Flashcards

The Structure of Matter Flashcards

1
Q

Formed by the chemical union of two or more elements in definite proportions

A

Complex Compounds

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2
Q

What is all matter made up of?

A

Atoms

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3
Q

Atomos mean

A

Greek for atom, meaning uncut

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4
Q

What is the most widely held theory of atomic structure?

A

Bohr atom

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5
Q

When was the Bohr Atom first proposed?

A

In 1913 by Niels Bohr

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6
Q

What are the (4) symbolic representations of matter?

A
  1. Medieval Atom (air, water, fire earth
  2. Dalton Atom (hooks and eyelits)
  3. Thomson atom (pudding)
  4. Bohr Atom (orbiting nucleus)
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7
Q

What are protons?

A

Parts that make up an atom

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8
Q

How big are Protons?

A

Almost 2,000 times the size of electrons

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9
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Positive

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10
Q

Are all protons identical?

A

Yes, but each element has it’s own characteristic number of protons

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11
Q

Every element must have at least ____ proton.

A

One

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12
Q

Neutrons:

A
  • No charge

- Same mass as the proton

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13
Q

Protons:

A
  • Positively charged
  • Small mass
  • Part that make up an atom
  • 1,850 times mass of e-
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14
Q

The positively charged nucleus contains most of the _____ of an atom.

A

Mass

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15
Q

What type of charge does an e- have?

A

1 negative charge

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16
Q

Electrons:

A
  • Negatively charged
  • Extremely small mass
  • Orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels/orbits shells
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17
Q

Shells are named according to their distance from the nucleus starting with the letter…

A

K

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18
Q

Each shell can only hold a specified maximum number of e-? T/F

A

True

Once filled electrons must go into another shell

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19
Q

What are the number of electrons in each shell?

A 
K-2
L-8
M-18
N-32
O-50
P-72
Q-98
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20
Q

What is the formula for the maximum # of Electrons per shell?

A

2n (squared)

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21
Q

What is the maximum number of e- that can exist in the “P”orbit?

A

72

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22
Q

What are the two charged particles in an atom?

A

Proton & Electron

23
Q

What is a neutral atom?

A

The total number of orbital electrons equals the total number of protons in the nucleus

24
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

of protons in the nucleus

25
Q

What distinguishes each elements from all the other elements?

A

The atomic number

26
Q

What is the symbol for atomic number?

A

Z

27
Q

Where is the majority of the mass on an atom located?

A

In its nucleus (protons, neutrons)

28
Q

What is the sum of the # of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom?

A

Mass number

29
Q

What is the symbol for Mass Number?

A

A

30
Q

What is the shorthand notation used to denote a specific element or isotope of an element?

A

Chemical Symbol

31
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element having different mass numbers

32
Q

What specifically about isotopes makes them different?

A

The number of neutrons in the nucleus

33
Q

What are isobars?

A

Two or more atoms with the same atomic weight (mass #) but with different atomic numbers

34
Q

Two or more atoms with the same molecular formula, but different physical and chemical properties

A

Isomer

35
Q

What is an example of an Isomer?

A

H2O

  • Water
  • Steam
  • Ice
36
Q

Two or more atoms with the same # of neutrons, but having different # of protons in the nucleus…

A

Isotone

37
Q

What is a Z#?

A

Atomic #

38
Q

What is an A#?

A

Mass #

39
Q

What is binding energy?

A

Energy required to remove an e- from a particular shell and beyond the range of the nucleus

40
Q

The closer a shell is to the nucleus the _____ the binding energy>

A

Greater

41
Q

The higher the Z#, the _____ the binding energy

A

Greater

42
Q

On the periodic table, what is the group # (roman numeral?)

A

of electrons in the outer shell

43
Q

On the periodic table, what is the period #?

A

of electron shells

44
Q

How is chemical behavior determined?

A

By the property of elements that is determined by the number of e- in the outer shell

45
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

An atom tends to be chemically stable when its outer shell contains exactly 8 e-

46
Q

What is the only exception to the octet rule?

A

Helium, it has 2 e- in the outer shell

47
Q

What are ions?

A

Atoms that either lose or gain e-

48
Q

What is a valence?

A

Number of e- lost, gained or shared by an atom in chemical combination

49
Q

What are bonds?

A

Two or more elements are joined together by one of several different types of chemical bonds

50
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A
  • Bonds between 2 ions

- Trasnfer of e- between the elements

51
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Sharing of e- between 2 or more atoms

52
Q

What does ionization mean?

A

The process of converting atoms to ions

53
Q

How does ionization happen?

A

Exclusively by the addition or removal of outer shell e-

54
Q

What are the (4) types of ionization?

A
  • Exposure of matter to x-rays or gamma rays
  • Exposure of matter to a stream of electrons
  • Exposure of certain elements to light (fluoro)
  • Thermionic Emission

Jerry's Image Production (8 decks)

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