The Structure of Matter

Question 1

Formed by the chemical union of two or more elements in definite proportions

Answer 1

Complex Compounds

Question 2

What is all matter made up of?

Answer 2

Atoms

Question 3

Atomos mean

Answer 3

Greek for atom, meaning uncut

Question 4

What is the most widely held theory of atomic structure?

Answer 4

Bohr atom

Question 5

When was the Bohr Atom first proposed?

Answer 5

In 1913 by Niels Bohr

Question 6

What are the (4) symbolic representations of matter?

Answer 6

1. Medieval Atom (air, water, fire earth
2. Dalton Atom (hooks and eyelits)
3. Thomson atom (pudding)
4. Bohr Atom (orbiting nucleus)

Question 7

What are protons?

Answer 7

Parts that make up an atom

Question 8

How big are Protons?

Answer 8

Almost 2,000 times the size of electrons

Question 9

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 9

Positive

Question 10

Are all protons identical?

Answer 10

Yes, but each element has it’s own characteristic number of protons

Question 11

Every element must have at least ____ proton.

Answer 11

One

Question 12

Neutrons:

Answer 12

• No charge

- Same mass as the proton

Question 13

Protons:

Answer 13

• Positively charged
• Small mass
• Part that make up an atom
• 1,850 times mass of e-

Question 14

The positively charged nucleus contains most of the _____ of an atom.

Answer 14

Mass

Question 15

What type of charge does an e- have?

Answer 15

1 negative charge

Question 16

Electrons:

Answer 16

• Negatively charged
• Extremely small mass
• Orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels/orbits shells

Question 17

Shells are named according to their distance from the nucleus starting with the letter…

Answer 17

K

Question 18

Each shell can only hold a specified maximum number of e-? T/F

Answer 18

True

Once filled electrons must go into another shell

Question 19

What are the number of electrons in each shell?

Answer 19

K-2
L-8
M-18
N-32
O-50
P-72
Q-98

Question 20

What is the formula for the maximum # of Electrons per shell?

Answer 20

2n (squared)

Question 21

What is the maximum number of e- that can exist in the “P”orbit?

Answer 21

72

Question 22

What are the two charged particles in an atom?

Answer 22

Proton & Electron

Question 23

What is a neutral atom?

Answer 23

The total number of orbital electrons equals the total number of protons in the nucleus

Question 24

What is the atomic number?

Answer 24

of protons in the nucleus

Question 25

What distinguishes each elements from all the other elements?

Answer 25

The atomic number

Question 26

What is the symbol for atomic number?

Answer 26

Z

Question 27

Where is the majority of the mass on an atom located?

Answer 27

In its nucleus (protons, neutrons)

Question 28

What is the sum of the # of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom?

Answer 28

Mass number

Question 29

What is the symbol for Mass Number?

Answer 29

A

Question 30

What is the shorthand notation used to denote a specific element or isotope of an element?

Answer 30

Chemical Symbol

Question 31

What is an isotope?

Answer 31

Atoms of the same element having different mass numbers

Question 32

What specifically about isotopes makes them different?

Answer 32

The number of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 33

What are isobars?

Answer 33

Two or more atoms with the same atomic weight (mass #) but with different atomic numbers

Question 34

Two or more atoms with the same molecular formula, but different physical and chemical properties

Answer 34

Isomer

Question 35

What is an example of an Isomer?

Answer 35

H2O - Water - Steam - Ice

Question 36

Two or more atoms with the same # of neutrons, but having different # of protons in the nucleus...

Answer 36

Isotone

Question 37

What is a Z#?

Answer 37

Atomic #

Question 38

What is an A#?

Answer 38

Mass #

Question 39

What is binding energy?

Answer 39

Energy required to remove an e- from a particular shell and beyond the range of the nucleus

Question 40

The closer a shell is to the nucleus the _____ the binding energy>

Answer 40

Greater

Question 41

The higher the Z#, the _____ the binding energy

Answer 41

Greater

Question 42

On the periodic table, what is the group # (roman numeral?)

Answer 42

of electrons in the outer shell

Question 43

On the periodic table, what is the period #?

Answer 43

of electron shells

Question 44

How is chemical behavior determined?

Answer 44

By the property of elements that is determined by the number of e- in the outer shell

Question 45

What is the octet rule?

Answer 45

An atom tends to be chemically stable when its outer shell contains exactly 8 e-

Question 46

What is the only exception to the octet rule?

Answer 46

Helium, it has 2 e- in the outer shell

Question 47

What are ions?

Answer 47

Atoms that either lose or gain e-

Question 48

What is a valence?

Answer 48

Number of e- lost, gained or shared by an atom in chemical combination

Question 49

What are bonds?

Answer 49

Two or more elements are joined together by one of several different types of chemical bonds

Question 50

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 50

- Bonds between 2 ions | - Trasnfer of e- between the elements

Question 51

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 51

Sharing of e- between 2 or more atoms

Question 52

What does ionization mean?

Answer 52

The process of converting atoms to ions

Question 53

How does ionization happen?

Answer 53

Exclusively by the addition or removal of outer shell e-

Question 54

What are the (4) types of ionization?

Answer 54

- Exposure of matter to x-rays or gamma rays - Exposure of matter to a stream of electrons - Exposure of certain elements to light (fluoro) - Thermionic Emission